COMPAEATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE GALEODID^E. 409 



Fig. '2. Veutral surface of an unspecified Psendoscorpion, showing the complete obliteration of the 

 sternites on the ccphalothoracic segments. 



3. Section through the beak of Galeodes near the line a-h (fig. 5), showing its fusion with the 



coxas of the pedipalps {pp) ; m, the flexible membrane between the bases of the chelicerfe and 

 above the beak, sa, sucking-apparatus ; Ir, supporting rod of the labium (cf. PI. XXVII. 

 fig. IJ'), attached by muscles, fc, flexible cliitin. 



4. Section through tip of the beak near c-d (fig. 5 ) ; the labrum (L) has a thick solid chitinous 



dorsal keel, the labium (/) is divided into two soft lobes (PI. XXVII. fig. 14). 



5. Longitudinal section through the beak. The sucking-apparatus is confined to the beak, and 



consequently anteriorly to the central nerve-mass (shaded). a-b and c-d, approximate 

 lines of section of figs. .3 and 4. m, the membrane shown in fig. .3. 



6. Portion of the straining arrangement of bristles, which projects from the tip of the labrum, 



covering the mouth-aperture. It is composed of plumose setaj joined by trabeculse. pic/f 

 pigment, travelling uj) through the thick chitin {cf. PL XXIX. figs. 16, 17). 



7. Sagittal section through tlie mouth of Fhryims. The labrum L is much retluced ; the labium 



is little more than the sternal supporting rod, Ir. The sucking-apparatus is both in front 

 of and behind the central nerve-mass (shaded). m, flexible membrane between bases of 

 chelicerae, the position of which is indicated [ch), although they could not appear in a true 

 median section. 



8. Sagittal section through the mouth of a Spider ; labrum (L) and labium (/) bent downward ; 



the sucking-apparatus almost entirely behind the central nerve-mass ; ch, as in last 

 figure. 



9. Diagrammatic section through the mouth of Scorpio ; the sucking-apparatus is confined to the 



beak, which, however, is much shortened. /, the spoon-like processes of the first leg, 

 /[, to prevent the escape of juices crushed out of the prey [cf. p. 357 & PI. XXVII. 

 fig. 9 6). 



10. Diagrammatic section through the beak of a Pseudoscorpion ; the sucking-apparatus is concen- 



trated in the posterior end of the beak. 



11. The same of Tlielyphonus, the sucking-apparatus extending along the beak as in Galeodes. 



12, 13, 14. Three cross sections through the beak of Thdyphonus. 12 near the tip; 13 at the 

 beginning of the pumping-apparatus ; and 14 at its junction with the body. It is held 

 between the fused coxal joints of the pedipalps {pp), which together make a kind of trough 

 in 12, from which the juices of the animals crushed by the chelicerte {ch) are sucked. 

 It, the supporting rod of the labium, the persistent sternum of the 1st and 2nd segments 

 {cf. PL XXVII. fig. 14). st, the fine straining-bristles lining the inside of the mouth. 

 15. Ventral chitinous framework of Galeodes arabs dissected out and cleaned with caustic 

 potash. (The beak and the endosternite are placed in line at the side, fig. 15 ff.) 

 In addition to the transverse folds between the coxae, are seen the median folds, which 

 may be the remains of sterna pressed up into the body by the approximation of the 

 coxse in the middle line : a pair of chitinous rods {chr) at the inner ends of the ccphalo- 

 thoracic stigmata (stiy) support the endosternite {cf. figs. 16, 19). A pair of lateral 

 rods (r) form the ventral attachments of the modified tergites of the 4th segment {cf. 

 PL XXVII. figs. 1-6). b, the buttresses upon which the limbs rotate, chf, chitinous 

 folds, which serve to hold the nerves to the last pair of legs in place [cf. PL XXXI. fig, 6). 

 (', attachment of the right half of the endosternite. Ir, labial supporting rod. 

 15 a. The endosternite removed to one side, but in a line with its proper position on the skeletal 

 framework (fig. 15). p, fibrous plate, attached by tendons to the exo- and eudo-skeleton. 

 eg, main duct of the coxal gland, which appears to end on p. L, labrum or beak. 

 SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 54 



