118 MR. F, J. COLE ON THE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF 



first to discover the nerve-supply of Lorenzini's ampuUse in Selachians. In 1825 

 Desmoulins and Magendie (60) gave a figure of the brain and roots of the nerves of 

 the Cod, whilst Giltay in 183i (88) figured and described the sympathetic nervous 

 system, of wliich more presently. Leuret and Gratiolet, in a fine work (1839-1857, 119) 

 treat of some Invertebrate nervous systems, and give a brief account of the central 

 nervous system and cranial nerve roots of a few fishes, including the Cod, as also does 

 Alcock (3, 1839). 



In 1842 Stannius (198) commenced his studies on the peripheral nervous system, and 

 published a careful description of the nerves of "■ Gudus callarias" {=G. mor/'hua). 

 The results obtained on this form were included in his well-known general treatise 

 published in 1849, which will be discussed elsewhere. In the same year he wrote a 

 short note on the lateral canals of fishes (197), in which he briefly but accurately 

 describes the lateral canals of " Gadus callarias^ He corrects Monro's mistake re tlie 

 supra-temporal canal, and devotes a few lines to the nerve-supply, remarking that the 

 supra-temporal lateral line nerve is homologous with the Ramus auricula ris vagi of 

 higher Vertebrates. This homology can, of course, be maintained no longer. 



Bonsdorff', in 1846 (30), gives us one of an admirable series of papers on cranial nerves, 



and treats of the trigeminus and cephalic sympathetic of " Gadus lota " [=Lota 



vulgaris). He gives a good figure of the brain and nerves, but in his interpretation of 



the latter was greatly misled by comparing them in too much detail with the Mammalian 



nervous system. Stannius's monograph (1849, 199) is concerned largely with Gadus, 



and will be discussed further in the text. Besides giving a fine figure of the lateralis 



accessorius, and showing further its connection with the spinal nerves (in " Gadus 



callarias "), he gives a further figure of the cephalic sympathetic and arteries in the 



same animal. Leydig (1850, 120) was the first to describe the histology of the lateral 



sense organs in Lota vulgaris, and shoAvs the lateral line ossicle with its sense organ and 



perforating nerve. In Swan's beautiful atlas (1804, 205) there are several good figures 



of our type, but tlie accompanying text is unfortunately very meagre. The figure of 



the Cod's brain and nerves here given has been copied into several text-books, and may 



be seen in the first volume of Owen's 'Vertebrates,' p. 298. 



In Traquair's work on the asymmetry of the Pleuroneotidse (1865, 207), the first 

 accurate account of the topography of the sensory canals of Gadus and their relations to 

 the bones of the skull is given. A figure (tab. 32. fig. 1) is published indicating the 

 approximate position of the various canals (omitting details), and Dr. Traquair puts to 

 brilliant use the lateral line system in sustaining his views on the Pleuronectid skull, 

 Owen (1866, 149) makes some references to the nerves of the Cod, but his statements 

 and figures are compiled from the works of Swan, Alcock, and Cuvier and Valenciennes. 

 The histology of the brain of " Gadus lota " has been treated of by Stied;i (1868, 201), 

 who examined tiie nerve-tracts in the brain and spinal cord, and devotes a few notes to 

 the roots of the nerves. 



A very important work, historically, which has hitherto been overlooked, and to whicii 

 I shall refer in some detail later on, was published in 1879 by A. Friaat (73). 

 This author describes and figures the brain and nerves of many bony fishes, including 



