136 MR. F. J. COLE ON THE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OE 



continued as the prc-spiraeular or chorda tympani division of tlie facial. The precise 

 orioin of tlie post-branchial or hyoidean branch of the facial has already been described 

 as doribtful from the " tripjeminal " ganglion, but there could be no doubt as to the 

 association of the palatine and chorda tympani fibres with the ganglion now described. 



Behind the hyomandibular trunk the facial ganglion thins down considerably, and is 

 seen to be perfectly spherical in transverse section. It is still visible, however, as a 

 thin cord containing ganglion cells as far back as the dorsal portion of the lateral line 

 ganglion. Behind this region it imperceptibly merges into the cephalic sympathetic 

 trunk which passes straight backwards and accompanies Jacobson's anastomosis, but, as 

 before stated, does not mingle with it. Opposite the glossopharyngeal ganglion the 

 sympathetic swells into a ganglion from which are given off some fibres whicii accompany 

 Jacobson's anastomosis to the glossopharyngeal ganglion. Behind the latter nerve the 

 connections between the sympathetic ganglia were very difficult to see *, although 

 the ganglia themselves were obvious at intervals as far back as my sections went. 



J. Morphology of the Facial Ganglion. 



I have hesitated considerably before committing myself to auy opinion as to the 

 nature of this interesting but most puzzling ganglion. When I first recognised it in 

 my sections, and saw that its cells were small and corresponded precisely to the cells 

 in the ciliary ganglion, with which I compared it, I concluded at once that it must be 

 the anterior sympathetic ganglion of the cephalic system described by the older 

 anatomists. When, however, subsequent investigation showed me its undoubted 

 connection with some of the fibres of the facial nerve, I was compelled to admit that it 

 might also belong to the trigemino-facial complex, and indeed represent a portion of 

 that complex which was in the act of migrating from its original position and becoming 

 converted into a typical sympathetic ganglion. In oi'der to avoid "settling" the 

 matter with an offhand suggestion, I delayed its further consideration until an 

 opportunity was afforded me of carefully working out the literature, a discussion of which 

 I now append. 



Omitting the work of Cuvier (56, t. ii. pp. 512-515, 179',)), the first authors to 

 describe the sympathetic of Fishes were Desmoulius and Magendie (1825, 60), who traced 

 the cephalic sympathetic as far forwards as the " trigeminal " nerve, and were probably 

 the first to do this. Giltay followed in 1832 with a description of the sympathetic of 

 £so.v (By), which he found communicating with the vagus as well as with the 

 " trigeminus," and in 1831, in a general treatise on the structure and physiology of the 

 sympathetic of Fishes (88), describes the cephalic sympathetic of Gadus icglefinns. He 

 says (pp. 54-55) : '' Pars cejjhalica, continuatio trunci, eodem modo sese ab utroque 

 latere habet. Curvaturam sequitur partis basilaris ossis occipitis et ad vagum pervenit. 

 Nexus inter nervum sympathicum et nervum vagum mihi non lucide apparuit ; hoc 

 cert'um est, non cimn yanglio vagi direete conjungi ; sed contra nullum vidi ramum, cui 

 conjunctio tribui possit, quse tela cellulosa ahsolvi videtur. In mnliis speciminibns etiam 



* Possibh" non-exisloiit at the .stage of my sections. 



