522 



ME. G. C. BOUENE ON THE GENUS LEMNALIA AND 



hydrozooids, anthozooids, i^oly- or hryozoolds, ascidiozooids, and so forth. The name 

 zooid is to he preferred to that of polyp, hecanse it is so easily compounded with other 

 names for descriptive purposes. 



The Oi'dcr Alcyonacea comprises those Alcyouarian colonies whose component zooids 

 are elongate and united proximally hy fusion of the ectoderm [Xenia) or mesoglcea (all 

 other Alcyonacea) of their adjacent walls so as to form a bunch. Such a hunch may 

 conveniently be described as an anthodete, from the Greek Serij, a fagot. In the 

 simplest forms of the Alcyonacea, the Xeniida, the anthodete may be compared to a 

 bunch of flowers, all simple scapes, the lower moieties of whose peduncles have been 

 fused together, the upper moieties and flowers remaining free. In this case it is obvious 

 that the cavity of every zooid in the bunch extends down to the base of the colony ; and 

 the analogy of the bimch of flowers would be complete if it were imagined that all the 

 peduncles were hollow and that their cavities were put into communication, in the 

 region where they ai'e fused together, by numerous short anastomosing canals passing 

 from peduncle to peduncle. As it is obviously convenient to have names Avhich shall 



Fie 



Diagnini of a Xeniid colon}-. — The so-called coeiienchvmc is rciireseiited by shading, the free portions of the zooids 

 and their cavities black, ap.. Apodete ; sd., syndete : «., anthocodia ; as., an anthostele. In this and the 

 similar diagrams on the following pages the solenia are omitted. 



distinguish that part of the anthodete where the zooids are fused together from the part 

 whfere they are separate, I propose to call the former the syndete {ovv, Sen)), and the 

 latter the apodete. The anastomosing canals lined by endoderm which place the zooid 

 cavities in communication have been variously named " stolons," " nutritive-canals," 

 " coenenchymal tubes," and so on. I propose to call them solenia, from the Greek 

 (T^Xi'/i'ioi-, a little pipe or conduit. 



The names syndete and apodete refer to the zooids collectively ; but as each zooid 

 consists of a distal free portion, bearing the mouth and tentacles, and a proximal portion 

 fused to its neighbours, it will be convenient to call the former the anthocodia (from the 

 Greek Kul'ia, a flower-head), and the latter the anthostele (from ariiXx], a column). In 



