208 PEOF. W. K. PAEKEE ON THE MOEPHOLOGY 



I. The first of these is on the anatomy of Salamandrina (Seironota &c.) perspicillata, 

 and Geotriton (Besmognathus) fuscus (Genoa, 1875). This exquisite work contains 

 figures and descriptions of several other kinds besides these two. In my paper just 

 referred to, I give the skull of both the larval and adult Seironota perspicillata. 



II. The second work is entitled ' Das Kopfskelet der Urodelen, ein Beitrag zur 

 vergleichenden Anatomie des Wirbelthier-Schadels ' (Leipzig, 1877). 



III. A third Memoir has now appeared (1878) by the same excellent anatomist, viz. 

 "Zur Anatomie des Amblystoma JFeismanni" (Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. xxxii. 

 taf. xi., xii.). 



In the second of these important works there are not only figures and descriptions of 

 the skulls of adults of many of the kinds worked out by me, but also several that I have 

 not been able to obtain. These are as follows : — 1. Amphluma tridactylum, 2. Crypto- 

 branchus japonicus* , 3. Ellipsoglossa ncevia, 4. Manodon sibiricus, 5. Plethodon glutinosus, 

 6. Batrachoseps attenuatus, 7. Gyrinoph'dus porphyriticus, 8. Anaides lugubris, 9. Spejerptes 

 fuscus, 10. Triton subcristatus, 11. Triton platycephalus, 12. Salamandra atra, 13. Am- 

 blystoma punctatum. In this invaluable work figures are given also of the skulls of 

 Triton (Notophthalmus) viridescens, Besmognathus fuscus, and Triton torosus (Taricha 

 torosa), which are also figured and described in the present communication. 



IV. It is also proper to mention here a Memoir by Dr. Philip Stohr (Prosektor 

 am vergleichenden anatomischen Institut zu Wiirzburg), entitled ' Zur Entwickelungs- 

 geschichte des Urodelenschadels ' (Leipzig, 1869). 



There are very few things in these works that I see occasion to criticise, but very 

 much indeed to praise ; but there is one thing that must be noticed as an error in the 

 second work, namely, the cartilage attached to the stapes in the skull of the Menopome 

 (pi. ii. figs. 24, 25, Op) is much too small ; it was evidently drawn after it had become 

 shrunken. In the same plate (fig. 16) an error of my own is corrected (" Skull of 

 Urodeles," pi. xxvii. fig. 6) which failed to give a " splenial " to the mandible of Proteus 

 anguinus. At the least these works double our knowledge of the adult skulls in these 

 types ; and with these works before him, my published paper in the ' Philosophical 

 Transactions,' and the plates and descriptions now given, the reader will be able to form 

 a very good idea of the Urodelous type of skull, its modifications, and its development. 

 I shall, however, to help to this end, make a few comments on what is displayed in the 

 plates of Prof. Wiedersheim's second work. 



Plate i. fig. 1. This figure of the skull of Menobranchus shows a fenestrated car- 

 tilaginous nasal roof (N.K, Nasenkapsel). Prof. Huxley (Proc. Zool. Soc. March 17th, 

 1870, plate xxx. fig. 1, p. 197) does not give this. 



Plate i. figs. 11, 12, M.F. The hyomandibular is shown in Siren; the author 

 calls it " hinterer, mit dem Hyoidbogen durch ein Ligament verbundcner Fortsatz des 

 Quadratum." This epihyal element is partly confluent with the back of the suspen- 

 sorium. 



Plate ii. figs. 21, 22, and figs. 24, 25, H.F, shows the same part in Cryptobranchits 



* Worked out siuco. 



