260 MR. P. H. GOSSE ON THE CLASPING-ORGANS 



of Europe, of which only three species come into my subject ; 2, he does not look within 

 the anal valves, within which my study begins. 



Somewhat earlier than this, however, viz. in the ' Proceedings of the Boston (U. S.) 

 Soc. of Nat. Hist.' for April, 1870, Messrs. S. II. Scudder and E. Burgess had published 

 a conjoint memoir, of much interest and value, and illustrated by many highly magnified 

 figures, "On Asymmetry in the Appendages ... in the Lepidopterous Genus 

 msoniadesr The specific variety and individual uniformity, which I hope to show in the 

 genital armature of Papilio, mark the corresponding organs in this genus of Hes- 

 periadre; nor is the apparatus less elaborate or less curious. The learned authors 

 designate by the terms " clasps " and « upper organ," what Dr. White calls " harpagines" 



and " tegumen." 



Prof. Grabor, in his valuable work, ' Die Insekten ' (in < Die Naturkrafte'), 1877, has 

 devoted half a 'dozen pages to the male genital auxiliaries (ausscrc Hilfsorgane des Ilin- 

 terleibes) ; but has taken no illustration from the Lcpidoptera. 



I am indebted" to my honoured friend Prof. Westwood for bringing to my knowledge 

 some descriptions and figures by Dr. Do Haan on the subject, which, so far as they go, 

 do really anticipate my own. The book is rare and difficult to consult; but my son, 

 Edmuncl William Gosse, has made for me, from the copy in the library of the British 

 Museum, a translation of the Dutch test, and careful tracings of all the figures that 



relate to the subject. 



It is a thin folio, a livraison of a large publication, entitled ' Verhandehngcn over de 

 natuurlijke gesehiedenis der Nederlandschc overzecsche bezittingen (Transactions re- 

 garding the°]S T at. Hist, of the Dutch Transmarine Possessions), by various authors. 

 The sub-title of the treatise itself is " Bijdragen tot de kennis des Papilionidea : door 

 Willem de Haan." Leiden, 1812. 



The observations of this author on the genitalia, since they are brief, and the work is 

 little available to English students, I shall be excused for giving in externa. 



"The Sexual Organs. 

 « These parts are especially in the male, very various in form. The outermost valves \_klepperi] of Oml- 

 thoptera Amphrisius shut closely against each other, and conceal two lateral appendages \_zij deling scfa 

 aanhangsels = the harpes of the. following memoir?] , which turn over at the end in the form ot a hook, and 

 are provided with spines along the upper edge. The truncated, and sometimes even hollow, end ot the 

 hinder part of the body, which lies within these valves, bears upon the upper edge a pointed spine bent 

 downwards r =miC us, P. II. G.] , with two lateral plates \_zijdelings plaatjes, = scaphium, P. H.G.?] , which 

 lie close to it. Prom the middle of the hinder part of the body the penis [rocde] is exposed, which is 

 bristly [kraakbeenig'], straight, blunt, and shorter than the lateral valves. 



' " Those of Papilio Memnon, Pammon, Helenus, Machaon, are similar to this, except that the lateral 

 appenda-es lie along the lower edge, and the hook on the back is usually more elongated; m Memnon 

 the penis is thrown over from below. In P. Coon the outer valves are wholly opened from above, and, 

 to a great extent, also from below; so that the inner parts are scarcely protected by them : the penis is 

 very pointed and a little longer than the valves. P. Liris and Pohjdorus have the hinder part of the 

 body naked ■ the valves arc very short, armed from within to the top with a hook, and the lateral 

 appendages (of Amphrisius) arc placed under it; the spine of the back is blunt; besides this there arc 

 also two spines present on the upper edge, and these arc curved inwards; so that altogether the outer 



