IN CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEEA. 287 



appearance of the successive coats pushed out, one beyond the other, as well as the 

 flattening and expanding of the white column against the bottom of the scaphium, in the 

 Haliphron case, seems to me overwhelming evidence that the movement has been from 

 within. 



If we compare the penis as it appears in Rhadamanthus, Amphrysus, and Armaria 

 (see the figures on Plates XXVI. and XXVII.) with the same organ in these three cases, 

 or, better still, the penis in one specimen of Haliphron with the same in another, the one 

 filled, and burst, with this white matter, the other normal in form, brown in hue, empty 

 at the lips, without the slightest trace of white matter, the thought occurs that possibly 

 we find here not specific differences, but only two interchangeable conditions. The 

 shining, expansile, open and empty lips may give the ordinary passive condition ; the 

 white pulp pervading the tube (see Hector, Plate XXXIII. fig. 31), filling the orifice, 

 and expanding it to overflowing, and even to a breaking of bounds, may give the con- 

 dition when the "furor igncns " is raging — may be analogous (I do not say identical, 

 seeing we have to do with bloodless invertebrata) with erection and emission in the 

 higher vcrtebrata. 



Observations carefully made, in hac re, in individuals taken m coitu, as well the female 

 as the male, might be of great interest and value. 



Supplementary Note to Ornithoptera Darsius. 



The globule of white substance from O. Rickmondia, I submitted to my friend Pro- 

 fessor Gladstone, F.P.S., Pres. Chem. Soc, who has favoured me with the following 

 report. 



" On examining your little particle, I have obtained a more satisfactory result than I 

 had anticipated. Though the piece of white excretion was no larger than a small pin's 

 head, I have been able pretty well to determine its constitution. It was quite hard, but 

 easily pulverizable, and consists mainly of earthy phosphate and some fatty or oily 

 matter. 



" The phosphate melts, when strongly heated, like the ' fusible phosphate ' which is 

 common in urinary calculi : but the quantity was so minute that I cannot say, with 

 certainty, whether it contains magnesia, as well as lime ; but my impression, from the 

 chemical tests applied, is, that it does consist of both. 



" There is a considerable proportion of organic matter mixed with this phosphate. 

 Ether dissolves it out; and, on evaporation, it is obtained again in what, under the 

 microscope, appears as oily drops. 



" No trace of uric acid could be detected." 



According to Leon Dufour and other anatomists, the urinary organs in insects " always 



consist of tubes which are inserted in the pylorus and terminate caecally The 



granular contents of these vessels .... flow gradually into the digestive canal. Thus 

 excreted they accumulate in the colon, and are evacuated with the ftpces, or separately 



as a turbid fluid With the holometabolic Insecta, the urine is evacuated 



isolately when they approach the completion of their pupa state. It is well known 

 that the Lepidoptera, when bursting from their pupae, emit a considerable quantity of 





