296 ME. P. H. GOSSE OX THE CLASPIXG-ORGANS 



species, as in many others, it takes a boat-shape, swelling into rounded sides, and nar- 

 rowing abruptly in front. 



If now with the point of a needle, we raise the upper mandible till we break it off by 

 force, we see more clearly the upper surface and attachment of the scaphium. At the 

 back of the " palate," there was an organic attachment of the scaphium, all across its 

 width (see figs. 7 and 8), apparently perforate in the middle ; and this perforation I take to 

 be the anal orifice, though I have not been able to trace the connexion of it with the 

 intestine. The middle and front are hollow and capacious ; the edges (the " gunwales" of 

 the boat) are high, broad, and flat ; their summits crowned with what mimic true 

 molar teeth. In the present species, the apparatus (on each side) consists of, first, a 

 small acute, recurved tooth, with a secondary one by its side, nearly transverse to the 

 (supposed) jaw (fig. 7), them a low conical point, ami behind this a flat black mass, like 

 a real grinder. The verisimilitude of these points to real teeth, and the organ which 

 carries them to a real jaw, is wonderfully exact, especially as we cannot suppose any 

 chewing-function to exist. 



The back {apparently, but really fore) portion of the scaphium sends off, below, two 

 rami of the same white flesh, which are soldered to the sides of the eighth segment, near 

 the bottom, leaving a slender aperture through which the penis protrudes, whose sheath 

 is, I think, made by, or united with, these rami (fig. 6). This organ comes forth 

 pointing upwards, but then bends to a nearly right angle, and points obliquely down- 

 wards. It is flattened, and even guttered along its upper surface, and ends in a bilid 

 point, dilating below into a broad membranous expausion, whose sides fold together, the 

 inferior half of the column apparently the more densely chitinous. 



The segment ends below in two large, blunt, extremely polished, hollow tooth-like 

 knobs, placed close together, the inner supports of the harpes. 



Papilio Euechtheus, Donov. (Plate XXVIII. figs. 9-13.) 



Valce-ovitlmc an oblique triangle with swelling sides, or a pointed semi-oval ; both 

 margins fringed, the dorsal chiefly, the fringe running to an acute point : interior surface 

 grey, dully shining ; a narrow, deep channel runs through the ventral half of the cavity, 

 which else is shallow. 



Harpe a knife-like ridge of rich brown chitinc, highly polished, affixed by one edge to the 

 bottom of the channel, and running through the length of the valve, parallel to the 

 ventral margin. It has a narrowly dilated base, a wide triangular tooth projecting from 

 near the middle and leaning-over dorsally, and a wide hatchet-like head, which also leans- 

 over. Prom the adherent edge, on the dorsal side, springs a line of close-set bristles 

 having a golden lustre. 



When the harpe is removed from the valve, and examined by transmitted light, both 

 the median tooth and the head appear as thin plates of clear, sienna-brown glass, each 

 brought to a keen edge, and cut into minute saw-teeth, not perfectly uniform. Both 

 plates show dark irregular lines of corrugation meandering like map-rivers on their 

 surfaces. 



The uncus (figs. 11, 12) is the beak-like produced extremity of the eighth segment, which 



