IN CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEKA. 299 



curved teeth, which were also distributed for some distance from the edge, ou the surface 

 of the blade. Thus a resemblance is suggested with the harpe in Omithoptera of the 

 Priainus group, whose crowded glittering points make, doubtless, a sufficiently effective 

 prehensile apparatus. 



The uncus does not differ importantly from the same organ in P. Erechtheus. It is 

 deeply channelled along its upper surface ; and the channel, as well as the summit-ridge of 

 dense black scales, very long and narrow, extends almost to the spathulate point. The 

 white fleshy conical scaphium with the " double tooth " on each side, is as in P. Bemoleus. 



Papilio Polymnestor, Cram. (Plate XXVII. figs. 23, 24) 



Valve long and narrow, blunt-pointed, semiovate, deeply concave ; the margin sharp, 

 not overarching in any part. The dull black scales of the exterior project ruggedly all 

 round to a slight extent, and there is a crowd of slender hairs growing from the floor 

 of the cavity, especially near the tip and the dorsal margin, most of which reach beyond 

 the edge, but do not constitute a fringe. 



The harpe is of the securiform type, yet with peculiarities of its own. The hollow 

 between the head and the secondary tooth is here filled up, so as to form a long 

 blade with a continuous even outline, which follows the curve of the ventral margin of 

 the valve, and leans considerably inward. The very edge is, so to speak, bevelled off ; 

 and, at the lower end, where would be the secondary tooth in the most usual form, 

 project from the very edge six (or seven, one being double) exceedingly minute saw- 

 like teeth. These, as well as the whole plate, are highly polished ; indeed, the glittering 

 brightness and deep colour of these prehensile structures, generally, are most attractive 

 features, and convey the idea of their almost metallic hardness. High magnifying 

 power showed minute grey body-scales, still adhering to these teeth, and to the extreme 

 point of the harpe — trophies, doubtless, of battles fought, proelia Veneris, in which 

 these are effective weapons *. 



Papilio Protexor, Cram. (Plate XXVIII. figs. 25, 26.) 



The valve is of the ordinary form, margined by a broad fringe of hair-scales along the 

 dorsal, but nearly bare on the ventral side. The latter has a flat ledge or shelf bordering 

 the margin within, whence the cavity abruptly descends. A broad blade-like harpe 

 pursues a corkscrew-like course, affixed by one edge, and running to a free point, the 

 terminal half of the upper edge serrated with numerous, tall, close-set, curved teeth, 

 even to the tip. PI. XXVIII. fig. 25, shows the interior of the right valve with the 

 harpe in situ ; fig. 26, the harpe separated, viewed from the ventral side, and further 

 magnified. 



The abdominal armature agrees generally with that of P. Phetenorand Erechtheus ; the 

 uncus and penis with the former specially. 



* Professor Owen says (Comp. Anat. Invert. 1855, p. 397): — "The structure of the intromittent organ in the 

 Lepidoptera is such as to preclude the repetition of the art ; ami they consequently live in a state of compulsory 

 monogamy. The bifid hooks on the terminal segment of tie.' dorsal valve of the penis, whilst they seem to retain the 

 female, prevent the entire extraction of the virile organ." 



I cannot reconcile this description with anything I have seen in the Papilionidse ; and I strongly doubt the 

 inference. 



42* 



