IN CERTAIN LEPIDOPTERA. 317 



shown in outline in PL XXXI. fig. 19). The wall-like dorsal plate does not end 

 ibruptly, but is continued all round the extremity of the valve, and even far down the 

 rentral margin, so that the harpe seems to be quite coextensive with the valve. Theu, 

 )etween this wall and the main ridge, there is a secondary ridge, of which just a 

 ;race appears in P. Childrence, but which is here conspicuous ; membranous for the most 

 )f its length, but supported, near the part where it curves up behind the " hand," by a 

 eaniug " strut," of deep-brown shining chitine. 



These are differences which would require representation on a much increased scale, 

 o make them very appreciable by figures, but which are striking enough on careful 

 'xamination. 



When I came to examine the abdominal apparatus in P. Sesostris, I at once found a 

 very glaring aberrance from P. Childrence. Por there was not a trace of an uncus, the 

 edge of the upper arch of the eighth segment projecting in only a very gentle curve, 

 beneath which the arch of the ninth was wholly out of sight ; the mingled long bristles, 

 black and crimson, that generally project as a tuft, horizontally between the valves, 

 were here bent down vertically into the cavity ; and, behind them, a very minute hook 

 was projected. There was, moreover, but the slightest doubtful trace of a scaphium, and 

 only when I threw the sunlight far into the abdomen. The penis, in size, length and 

 direction, agreed fairly with that of Childrence, but no white pulp was visible; the 

 whole organ was of an uniform deep shining brown ; and instead of expanding, its 

 thickness gradually diminished to the tip. 



All the diversities which I have enumerated, minute individually but in cumulation 

 great, seem to me to point to original specific distinction, though the evidence is no 

 incontrovertible. 



Papilio Vertfmxus, Cram. (Plate XXXI. figs. 20, 21.) 



Vali-cand harpe agreeing in plan with those of P. Muryleon (infra), and more essentially 

 with those of P. Sesostris and P. Childrence, particularly the latter. The order of 

 resemblance is — Childrence, Sesostris, Vertumnus, Euryleon. The two ridges, enclosing 

 a triangular area, are gone in the latter two, and the harpe is a chitinous plate of about 

 equal width throughout. In all, there is the high and broad tooth in the middle of the 

 ventral side, followed, in the latter two, by smaller teeth ; the terminal hollow " hand " 

 of P. Childrence is best represented in P. Vertumnus, where the form is similar but wider, 

 and the fringing overcurving teeth are eight. 



The abdominal organs are normal. A long slender well-curved uncus ; an ordinary 

 deep-keeled seaphiuin, with horizontal "double teeth;" and a moderately large penis, 

 with expanded orifice, seated far back. 



Papilio Lysaxder, Cram. (Plate XXXI. figs. 22-24.) 



Valve semiovoid ; very slightly fringed ; a flat shelf within the ventral margin. 



Harpe a broad triangular plate, that occupies a great part of the breadth of the valve. 

 Prom an ample expanded base, by which it was attached to the supporting knob, it springs, 

 tree-trunk-fashion, with wide and thick ridges of glittering chitine, to the summit of the 



