IN CERTAIN LEPLDOPTERA. 319 



I lifted the harpe from its valve with a scalpel, this basal expansion still came away, 

 as represented in my figures. It appeared shrivelled, thin, and membranous ; but a short 

 maceration with water caused this tissue to swell and become plump and soft. It is, I pre- 

 sume, a muscular attachment for the special energetic movement of the prehensile harpe. 

 Maceration produced not the slightest sensible change in the polished chitine, either now 

 or any other occasion. 



Papilio Ergeteles, Gray. (Plate XXXI. figs. 27, 28.) 



TVe have here another modification of the P. Anchisiades pattern of harpe. The ventral 

 side runs up through the very central line of the valve, having a strong tooth projecting 

 from its mid-wall, and three teeth at its extremity, whence a slender branch descends 

 ventrally, as in P. Lyscmder. Then, also, on this edge of the valve, as in the same species, 

 accessory pieces stand up as two half-walls, one within the other, of dark chitine. 



The uncus and scaphium are both normal ; the latter specially well formed, though 

 small, with " double teeth." The penis, large and uncouth, much as in Lyscmder. 



Papilio Macedon, Wall. (Plate XXXII. figs. 1-3.) 



Valve of similar outline to those of P. Ulysses and P. Arcturus, yet sufficiently diverse 

 in other respects. It is scarcely fringed, except very thinly along the ventral edge ; but 

 the whole cavity-floor is studded with minute pits, from each of which springs a fiue 

 short hair, some of which exceed the margin. 



The harpe is quite peculiar ; at the first sight it reminds us of the form common in 

 the Ornithopterce, the arm and the bent, spine-studded hand ; but, when detached, and 

 examined separately, as shown at PL XXXII. fig. 2, the armature is seen to be different, 

 and even yet more formidable. If I may repeat the comparison to a hand, the five 

 fingers, of glittering black chitine, are bent over the palm ; and each of the five is 

 notched, all down its front, with sharp teeth, of which the uppermost are the longest 

 and stoutest. This and its fellow must make a very effective pair of graspers ! 



The abdominal organs are all well developed. The uncus arches nearly to a semicircle, 

 terminating in a delicate spathula. The scaphium is definitely separated into two portions, 

 the upper, altogether of a rich brown hue, apparently chitinous, which bears the teeth, 

 and the lower, uniformly pellucid white. This latter is the keel, though it is not at all 

 produced. The former, in the place of the usual " double tooth " on each side, has but 

 one, erect, acute, recurved, like a viper's fang ; but the termination of the scaphium is cut 

 into three abnormal* teeth. 



TXxa penis is very long, and somewhat slender, ending in a produced finger-like point, and 

 not much expanded. It bends obliquely downward, protruding so far as to reach, if it 

 does not exceed, the limits of the valves. 



The harpe was, when I opened the valve, much choked with scales, doubtless from 

 some female. 



Another example agreed very closely with the above, save that the teeth of the scaphium 

 were nearer the tip ; the inner edges were set with low points, each surmounted by a 



