322 -AIR. P. H. GOSSE ON THE CLASPING-ORGANS 



appears long, slender, and circularly arched, much as in P. Demoleus ; the scaphium 

 large, truncate, unkeeled, somewhat as in P. Moments. 



Papilio Semperi, Peld. (Plate XXXII. figs. 12-14.) 



The valve is moderately large, of irregular outline, having prominent rounded angles, 

 and a sharp projecting tooth at the summit. Exteriorly it is clothed with a coat of short 

 scales, which are black from the base to the middle, and scarlet thence to the tip. 

 Interiorly, the margins are exceeded by a broad fringe of hair-scales, which help to fill 

 up, and so conceal, the irregularities of the outline. 



The harpe is a shining chit inous plate, running through the length of the valve mesially, 

 projecting two broad and sharp angular points at the extremity, and one in the middle of 

 the ventral side. PL XXXI I. fig. 12 shows the valve with the harpe in situ ; but if the 

 harpe be removed, which is done with great ease and perfectness, and viewed almost 

 along the plane in which it lay in the valve, its form is very different; for the terminal 

 portion curves upward, so that the points stand upright, and enclose a great semicircular 

 area, as shown at fig. 13. 



The uncus presents little that is notable : it is nearly straight, with the point sharp 

 and bent down, bill-hook fashion; and its scaphium is rather small, and destitute of 

 " double teeth." The penis is of extraordinary dimensions, the triangular dilatation of its 

 extremity being enormously developed. At fig. 1 |. are presented these organs in situ, as 

 they appear viewed from the right side, both the valves having been removed. 



Papilio Lycidas, Cram. (Plate XXXII. figs. 15, 16.) 



The valve is trigonal, short and wide, the margins fringed with black shining hairs 

 mostly springing from within ; the interior surface dark brown, velvety, nearly flat to a 

 considerable distance within the margins, then suddenly sinking to a deep semicircular 

 cavity. Within this hollow is seated a short harpe, having a widely expanded base, 

 sloping away to the ventral side, and soon rising to a free flat column of dark-red glit- 

 tering chitine, which is produced at the two corners into long sharp spines. Besides 

 these, there are two minor spines from the slanting dorsal edge, and one near the base in 

 the ventral. I discern no trace of serration in any part. 



The abdominal apparatus seems peculiar. The beautiful clothing-scales, velvet-black 

 alternating with pale-yellow, project densely from the segment around the cavity, when 

 a valve is removed, so as greatly to conceal the interior. My cabinet possesses but a 

 single example of the species, which is both beautiful and rare ; and this I was reluctant 

 to destroy, contenting myself with close and long-continued study of such organs 

 situ as a powerful hand-lens could resolve. Conspicuous is a slender well-formed 

 scaphium, projecting horizontally, of a shining brown hue, with the " double teeth " small 

 and low, but duly developed. At first there seemed no trace of an uncus ; but at length 

 I found it very far back, under the thatching roof-scales, small and short, sloping 

 downward from its oiigin, and presently bent with an abrupt angle to a quite vertical 

 line, or even a trifle within the vertical. Its form and direction, as well as I could 

 see it, arc much as in P. Mector. The uncus, then, it is evident, can here present no 



