WHICH HAVE NEVER DESCENDED TO THE SEA. 457 



.0-8 inches in length, which in certain lights distinctly showed ten parr-bands, one 

 dack spot on the preopercle, three on the opercle, while the upper two thirds or half of 

 he body was spotted with black, as was likewise the lower half of the dorsal fin, 

 vhich had a white anterior and outer edge. There were some red spots on the body. 

 [n this fish the generative organs were not developed. The second was more distinctly 

 parr-marked, but otherwise very similar ; it was 9 inches in length. The third was in the 

 parr-livery with 10 well-marked parr-bands on either side and three black spots on the 

 opercle ; it was 0-3 inches in length and a male full of milt. As a rule the females in 

 this pond were silvery, with ova which were not quite ripe, while the males on the 

 contrarv, being pressed, gave ripe niilt. As to colours the fish seemed to be more spotted 

 than is 'seen in specimens from rivers *, while their bodies were well formed although 

 not of a large size, the largest being 13* inches long. Those in the golden parr livery 

 appeared to be males, while the silvery smolts were generally females ; in all the finger- 

 marks were visible. These fish rendered it very evident that the relative growth of the fry 

 does not depend on the size of pond, quality, quantity, or variety of food, or amount 

 of water, as all had been treated alike, yet they varied in length from four inches to 



thirteen and a half. 



During the month of May 1884 sixteen of these fishes jumped out of the pond and 

 were found dead, and the breeding-organs in all were found to be developing in a 

 satisfactory manner. 



August 28, 1881. An examination was made of pond no. 7 and a smolt li lb. in 

 weight was removed f. On being opened it proved to be a female with its ova well 

 forward, the largest being Ol of an inch in diameter; the total length of the fish was 



14j*1 iuclics. 



October 3rd. A smolt 13 inches in length, which had jumped out of pond no. 7, or had 

 been dragged out by vermin, also proved to be a female, and the eggs were 0-2 of an 



inch in diameter. 



Now some of these fishes tried repeatedly to jump out of the pond $ and these generally 

 met with fatal injuries ; they sprung out towards the upper end near where the water 

 entered as if wishing to ascend the stream. Wire netting one foot in height was now 

 fixed around the upper half of the pond, which prevented the fish springing over the 

 bank About the middle of October, fungus (Saprolegnia ferax) broke out among 

 these fish, possibly due to injuries occasioned by striking themselves against the wire 

 nettino- It was also observed that they showed signs of ceasing from feeding, so a 

 number of small Lochleven Trout were added to vary the diet, but they did not appear to 

 consume many of them. 



* The beautiful illustrations of grilse in Sir W. Jardine's magnificent < Salmonid* ' do not resemble in colour the 

 Howietoun fish, which latter are more spotted than his 2 lbs. 13 oz. specimen from the Solway F.rth, taken m July, 

 and even more so than his 3§ lbs. captured in August. 



f Described in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1SS4, p. 5S1. • 



% Brown CStormontfield Experiments') observes that he « in the month of February 1838 caught a dozen and ahalf 

 parrs in the Tav, and kept them confined in a stream of running water, and by the month of May the whole of them 

 had become smolts; but some had leaped out of their confinement in their struggle to find the. way to the sea. and 



■were found dead on the side of the pond" (pp. 7 and S). 



Ob* 



