DR. T. DAVIDSON ON RECENT BRACHIOPODA. 89 



New Zealand species the name of crucnta, wliicli had, in manuscript, been applied hy 

 Dr. Solander to another species. 



Although a well-marked species, TerehrcUella crueiila, Dillwyn, has been confused 

 by some conchologists with others to which it does not belong-, such as with the Kraussina 

 rubra of Pallas (Solander's MS. Anomia ruhicunda). Its young stage received from myself 

 the name of Terebratella Ecansii before I had ascertained that in the young the loop 

 presented the character of Jf«/7«'s<?^Za. All the early authors prior to 1817 knew the shell 

 we are describing by the name given to it by Solander. It is so named in the Levcrian 

 Cabinet, sec. j)art 15 ; also in Dillwyn's Couch, i. p. 293, 21 ; and in Leach's Zool. Misc. x. 

 p. 76 ; and in Lamarck's ' An. sans Vert.' vol. vi. p. 217 (1819), for he refers to Leach's Zool. 

 Misc., but was evidently in error Avhen he gives, as its synonym, the Anomia capensia of 

 Gmelin and Chemnitz. Terehratella cruenta, like all its congeners, is very vai-iable in 

 shape, and its loop passes through several metamorphoses, from the very young state up to 

 the full-grown condition. I have already given the dimensions of the largest example in 

 my collection, which I obtained some years ago from Mr. G. B. Sowerby. Up to six 

 lines in length and much less the apophysary system is composed of a large central 

 longitudinal septum, not exceeding half the length of the valve, arising rapidly in the 

 form of a narrow elevated plate, almost reaching the centre of the ventral valve, to the 

 middle of Avhich, and to the base of the hinge-plate, are attached the principal stems of 

 the riband-shaped lamellre before becoming reflected. Mr. L. Reeve and several other 

 malacologists have adopted my name Ecansii, but I have had to relinquish it after a very 

 careful study of a large number of specimens from one and a half up to twenty-two lines 

 in length. Atone time, as stated by Donovan, Terebratella crnenta, Dillwyn, was a rare 

 shell, a specimen having fetched five guineas at the Leverian sale ; now, however, it has 

 become an almost common shell, and may be had for a few shillings. 



45. Terebratella Mari.e, A. Adams. (Plate XV. figs. 13, It ) 



Terebratella MaricB, A. Adams, On some new Genera and Species of ^Mollusca from Japan, Ann. & 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. vol. v. p. 413, 1860, and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Srtl scr. vol. xi. p. 9U, 1863; 

 Davidson, On Recent Japanese Brachiopoda, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, j). 305, pi. xxx. figs. 15-17; Dall, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 181., 1873; G. Duuker, Index Mollusc, maris Japoniei, p. 252, 

 1882. 



Shell small, somewhat squarely oblong, longer than wide, lateral margins very little 

 rounded, nearly sub^iarallel, front broad, almost straight. Dorsal valve moderately 

 convex, with a broad, slightly raised, mesial fold, commencing near the front. Ventral 

 valve much deeper than tlie opposite one, with a broad, slightly concave dej)ression 

 commencing at about half the length of the shell, and extending to the front ; beak 

 short, incurved and truncated by a circular foramen, anteriorly margined by two narrow 

 deltidial plates. Front margin raised into a rounded wave, lateral margins fiexuous. 

 Surface smooth, traversed by fine concentric lines of growth ; shell-structure finely 

 punctate. Length G, breadth 4, depth 3| lines. Colour white, glazed, semitransparent. 

 In the interior of dorsal valve the loop, twice attached, extends to about two thirds of the 



