120 DR. T. DAVIDSON ON EECENT BEACHIOPODA. 



the valve. Prom its anterior extremity arise two short, deviating, flattened and forked 

 lamellae, expanded at their extremities. The cirrated labial appendages are unusually 

 small, the spiral lobe diminutive ; these fringes do not extend to more than halfway 

 towards the border of the shell. In the first part of thek com-se, from the mouth forward, 

 the cirri are few or wanting, the whole brachial apparatus being supported by the small 

 forked process above described, no other part of the apophysary system being calcified. 

 Cardinal process very small. Margin internally, sometimes sharply, spinously toothed. 



Mah. Port Elizabeth, near the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Some small speci- 

 mens were erroneously described by Dr. J. E. Gray, in the ' Annals and Magazine of 

 Natural History ' for 1872, under the mistaken name of T. tnmcata. They were found 

 attached to Ascidia, and to the stems of large Alga?, off^ the coast of Natal. 



Obs. Donovan states, in his ' Naturalist's depository ' for 182i, that Solander had 

 given the MS. name of T. rubicunda to examples of the shell under description in the 

 Portland Museum ; but as manuscript names cannot claim priority over published ones, 

 that of rubra, Pallas, must be adopted. It is also somewhat singular, as observed 

 by Lovell Reeve, that the shell was not known to Valenciennes when preparing his 

 monograph of the Terebratulidse for Lamarck's ' Animaux sans Vertebres,' or to 

 G. B. Sowerby when publishing his ' Thesaurus Conchyliorum ;' for therein he figures a 

 specimen of T. cruenta with the mistaken name of T. rubra, Pallas. Reeve states 

 likewise that Sowerby's Terebratula algoensis is a blackened fragmentary valve of 

 Kraussina rubra. Krauss, on the contrary, says, in ' Die siidafrikanischen MoUusken,' 

 p. 32, that he looks upon T. algoensis as a synonym of his Terebratula natalensis — 

 the Kraussina pisum of Lamarck ; and this view may perhaps be the more correct one. 

 The specimen, which consists of a single ventral valve, is in the Zoological Department 

 of the British Museum. 



In his ' Rechcrchcs sur I'Organisation du Manteau chez les Brachiopodes Articules,' 

 Caen, 1864, M. E. Deslongchamps' observations (p. 25) are to the effect that the vascular 

 sinuses are composed of two large trunks, which commence close to the hinge-plate, and 

 extend by a large curve parallel to the edges of the valves, and end anteriorly close to the 

 median line, each of these branches, on the sides facing the lateral edges of the valves, 

 giving forth six or seven branches, which bifurcate as they reach the edges of the shell. 

 The spicula are very numerous in Kraussina rubra, but they are so small and disunited 

 that they cannot be seen, except under an enlargement of about 40 or 60 diameters. 

 At p. 121 of his 'Etudes critiques sur des Brachiopodes nouveaux,' 1884, the same 

 authority states that he has been able to convince himself that in this species (K. rubra) 

 the mantle was furnished with spicula of a very special shape, and much smaller than in 

 the other Brachiopoda provided with these calcareous elements ; that, thanks to the tenuity 

 of these spicules and to their elongate shape, he has been able, from investigating them 

 in the genus Kruussina, to recognize their function, which is that of protecting the organs 

 of circulation. One system of spicula was destined to protect the venous sinuses of 

 the mantle, a second that of the arterial organs. 



M. Deslongchamps further states that he has only been able to examine adult 



