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III. A Monograph of Recent Brachlopoda. — Part III. 

 By TuoMAS Davidson, LL.D., F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., c^-c. 



Head ITth June, 1SS6. 



(Plates XXVI.-XXX.) 



LYOPOMATA, Owen^TRETENTERATA, King. 



Family CRANIID.E. 



Genus CRANIA, Retzius, 1781. 



In the recent condition this family is represented hj the genus Crania only, of which the 

 following four or five sjjecies have heen determined * : — 



1. Crania anomala, Miiller, sp., 177G. I 4. Crania Suessii, Reeve, 1862. 



2. Poi«'/a/t's«', Dall. (Uiicertain sj).) 5. ^Vz/jo/i/cff, Adams, 1863. 



3. turhbiata, Poll, sp., 1795. I 



In an interesting revision of this family, published by Mr. AV. H. Dall in the ' Bulletin 

 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,' vol. iii. 1871, the author seems disposed to 

 regard Crania turhinata as a variety of the northern C. anomala. Some uncertainty also 

 prevails with respect to the Crania Pourtalesii, Dall, 1871, which the author says may 

 possibly be a strongly marked variety of C. anomala, 



101. Crania anomala, Miiller, sp. (Plate XXVII. figs. 1-9 Z-.) 



Patella anomala, Miiller, Prodr. Zool. Dan. p. 237, 1776; Zool. Dau. i. p. i, tab. 5. figs. 1-8, 1788; 

 Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. cd. xiii. p. 3721. no. 151, 1788. 



Orbicula anomala, Cuvier, Tab. Elein. de I'llist. Nat. p. 435, 1799; Regnc Animal, ii. p. 501, 1817. 



Patella distorta, ^loutagu, Traus. Liua. Soc. vol. xi. p. 195, pi. xiii. fig. 5, 1808. 



Orbicula norvegica, Lamarck, Syst. p. 140, 1801 (not Sowerby) ; An. sans Vert. vol. vi. p. 242, 1819. 



Anomia turbinuta, Dillwyn, Descrip. Cat. Recent Shells, vol. i. ]). 285, 1817 (not Poll). 



Orbicula norvegica, Schumacher, Essai d'uu Nouv. Syst. Ilab. Vers Test. p. 176, pi. xxi. fig. 2, 1817. 



Crania per sonata (part.), Defranee, Diet. Sci. Nat. xi. p. 312, 1818. 



Discina ostreoides, Tnrtou, Conchol. Diet. Brit. Islands, p. 238, 1819 (not Lamarck). 



Crania personata, Sowerby (part.), On the Genera of Orbicularia and CVawia of Lamarek, Trans. Linn. 

 Soc. vol. xiii. pi. 26. fig. 3 a (not 3 c), 1822. 



Criopus anomalus, Fleming, Phil. Zool. ii. p. 499, 1822 ; and Prit. Animals, p. 377, 1828. 



Orbicula norvegica, Anton, Verzeich. der Conehylien, p. 21, 1839. 



Orbicula norvegica, Deshayes, Eneycl. 'Mith. iii. p. 668, 1832 (partly, + turhinata, Poli) ; Poticz et 

 Michaud, Galerie des Mollusques du Musee de Douai, vol. ii. pi. 43. fig. 1 ?, 18 IL 



* A single dead valve of a small Crania, too imperfect to vrarnuit specific identification, was dredged by H.5[.S. 

 ' Clialleuger ' at Station 33, off Bermuda, at a depth of 435 fathoms. Sea-bottom, mud. ^Report on the Erachiopoda, 

 Yoyage of H.il.S. 'Challenger,' Zool., vol. i. p. 05.) 



SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. IV. 25 



