EEV. A. E. EATON ON EECENT EPHEMEEID.E OE MAYFLIES. 59 



subulate, curved slightly upwards and towards their extremities outwards, their tips 

 interlocking when the jaws are closed. Antennae setaceous; the first two joints the 

 stoutest, the former minutely pubescent, the latter more strongly so ; flao-ellum pilose 

 near the base, with spreading hair disposed in whorls diminishing successively in leno-th, 

 and becoming very short and minute beyond the middle. Wings and gills as in Hexa- 

 genia. Pronotum slightly narrowed in front and behind, evenly curved at the sides, and 

 armed in front with a strong triangular projection behind each of the eyes. Setse in a 

 great measure plumose, and then shortly tail-pointed with whorls of minute spreading 

 hair ; their length is nearly | that of the body. Ventral segments 7-10 together are 

 almost I as long as the abdomen. — Labrum quadrangular, rounded at the fore corners, 

 emarginate in front, and pubescent. Lobes (or fangs) of the mandibles adjacent to the 

 molar tuberosity, and set at right angles with the tusk, which is minutely spinulose 

 above for some distance from the base, and partially pilose. Lacinia of 1st maxilla 

 small, narrow, and incurved, terminated by a few spines, strongly ciliated internally, and 

 partially pubescent outside from the middle to the point ; the 3-jointed palpus about three 

 times as long as the lacinia, slender ; its nude first joint nearly ^ as long as the re- 

 mainder, the second almost as long as the third, and similarly pilose with sjireading 

 hair. Labium and 2nd maxillae deplanate, the former small, its lobes narrowly ovate 

 and close together. Laciniee of 2nd maxilke large and oval ; the palpi robust, their first 

 joint flattened, tapering from a wide base, and ciliated within ; the second joint incm'ved, 

 dilated distally, obliquely truncate at the extremity, the truncated surface hispid, the 

 outer surface pilose. Median lobe of tongue semimitrif orm ; paraglossoe rounded, well 

 developed and distally ciliated. Legs pilose along the edges of the femur, the front of 

 the tibia, and the dorsum of the tarsus, and densely hirsute at the back of the tibia ; 

 the sole of the tarsus pubescent ; the anterior tibia minutely spinulose behind ; the 

 femora are compressed, the tibiae distally dilated and oblique at the ends, where the hind 

 tibia is produced into a spine. 



Type. E. vulgata, Linn. 



Distnbution. Northern temperate and Indian regions ; also (undescribed sp.) New 

 Zealand. 



Etymology . e<piuie§oc (tVi and I'utega), from the supposed shortness of life of the imago. 

 Ancient authors in southern Europe probably wrote of Polymitarcys under this name, if 

 not of Oligoneuria. 



I have seen nymphs of E. vulgata, danica, and llneata alive, and of E. gUmcops and 

 japonica in alcohol. In swimming they labour with their legs and progress rather 

 slowly, propelled chiefly by undulations of the body and setse. 



Ephemera vtjlgata, Linn. Plate VIII. 12 1) (wing [part] and penis). 



\_Ephemera\ or Ephemera vulgata [Linn., Fn. Suec. ed. i. no. 750 [ll-^Q] ; De G., Mem. Sav. Etr. Acad. 

 Paris, ii. 461-9, pi. xvii. 1-2 (1755)] ; Linn., S. N. ed. x. i. 546 (1758) ; idem, Fu. Suec. ed. ii. no. 1472 

 (1761) ; Sulzer, Die Kenntz. d. Ins. 43, pi. xvii. 103 (1761) ; [Geof., Hist. Abr. Ins. Paris, ii. 238, 

 no. 1 (1764)] ; Mill., Fn. Ins. Fried. 63 (1764) ; Pontop., Naturh. Dan. 223, pi. xvii. (1765) ; Schsef., 

 Elem. Ent. tab. Ixii. 1-3 (1766); Linn., S.N. ed. xii. pars ii. 906 (1767) ; Houttyn, Nat. Beschr. d. Ins. 



8* 



