60 EEV. A. E. EATOX ON EECENT EPIIEMERID^ OR MAYFLIES. 



(1766-9) ; De G., Mem. d. Ins. ii. pars ii. 621, pis. xvi. and xvii. 1-10 (1771) ; Berkenhout, Outl. Nat. 

 Hist. Gt. Brit, and Ireland (1769-72); Fab., Syst. Ent. 303 (1775); [Scliiif., le. Ins. Ratisbon. i. 

 pi. ix. 5-6 (1776)] ; Mull., Zool. Dan. Prodr. 142 (1776) ; Schr., Enumer. Ins. Austr. indig. 602 (1781) ; 

 fab., Sp. Ins. i. 383 (1782) ; Fourc, Ent. Paris, ii. 351 (1785) ; Fab., Mant. Ins. i. 243 (1787) ; Berken- 

 hout, Outl. Nat. Hist. Gt. Brit. &e. ed.ii. i. 150 (1789) ; Vill., C. Linn. Ent. iii. 16 (1789) ; [Zsch., Mus. 

 Lesk. i. 150, no. 13 (1789)] ; Gmel., Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. i. pars v. 2628 (1790) ; Ros., Fn. Etrusc. 

 ii. 7 (1790) ; 01., Encyc. Meth. vi. 417(1791); Fisclier,Vcrsucli e. Naturgesch. v. Livland, 337, no. 564 

 (1791); Fab., Ent. Syst. emend, iii. pars i. 68 (1793) ; Schr., Fn. Boiea, ii. parsii. 196 (1798); Cederhjelm, 

 Fn., Ingric. Prodr. 134 (1798) ; Walck., Fn. Paris, ii. 8 (1802); Lat., Hist. Nat. Crust. & Ins. xiii. 94 (1805); 

 Panzer, in Explic. Scliffif. Ic. ix. 5-6 (1804) ; idem, Fn. Ins. Germ, initia. Heft xciv. 16 (1805) ; Shaw, 

 Gen. Zool. vi. part ii. pi. Ixxxi. (1806) ; Lat., Gen. Crust. & Ins. iii. 184 (1807) ; Leach, Brewster's Edin. 

 Encyc. ix. 137 (1815); Cuv., Regn. Anim. ed. i. iii. 430 (1817) ; Lamarck, Hist. Nat. d. Anim. s.Verteb. ed. 

 i. iv. 221 (1817) ; Stewart, Elem. Nat. Hist. ed. ii. ii. 225 (1817) ; Cuv., Regn. Anim. ed. ii. v. 244 (1829) ; 

 Gu^r.-Men., Iconogr. Regn. Anim. ii. pars i. t. Ix. 8 [aquat.] (1829-13) ; Gray in Griffith's Anim. Kingd. 

 ii. pi. xciv. 8 [aquat.] (1832) ; ! Steph., III. Brit. Ent. vi. 55 (1835) ; [! Ronald's Fly-fish. Ent. ed. i. pi. xiv. 

 30-31 (1836)] ; Dahlbom, Kort. Underiittcl. om Skandin. Ins. 228 (1837); Perch., in Gu^r., & Perch. 

 Gen. d. Ins. &c. livr. vi. pi. iv. 1 m. (1838) ; Barm., Handb. d. Ent., Bd. ii. Abth. ii. 804 (1839); Zet., 

 Ins. Lap. 1044 (1840) ; Voigt, Lehrb. d. Zool. v. 311 (1810) ; Blanch., Hist. Nat. d. Ins. iii. 53 (1840) ; 

 Duf., Mem. par divers Savans, Instit. d. France, viii. 580, note (1841); Lat., Nouv. Diet, d'llist. Nat. 

 X. 348 (1847) ; ! Walker, List of Neuropt. in Brit. Mus. part iii. 354 (1853) ; Leunis, Synop. d. Natur- 

 gesch. d. Thierr. cd. ii. 635 (1860) ; Karsch, Die Insectenwelt, v. 400 (1863); Hag., Ent. Ann. (1863), 

 14; Stein, Berlin, ent. Zeit. vii. 414 (1864); Hag., Stet. ent. Zcit. xxvi. 229 (1865); Blanchard, Meta- 

 morph&c. dcs Ins. 594 pi. [nee p. 127] (1868); Rostock, Berlin, ent. Zeit. xii. 225 (1868); ! Etn., 

 Trans. Ent. Lond. (1871), 68, pi. i. 9 & iv. 5 (details) ; Girard, Traite Elem. d'Ent. part ii. fasc. i. (1876); 

 Boulytchoff, Bull. Soc. Oural. Sc. Nat. Ekaterinb. iv. 37 (1878); Rostock, Jahresb. d. Ver. f. Naturk. 

 Zwickau, 1877, p. 83 (1878) ; A^ayssiere, Ann. Sc. Nat. (6), Zool. xiii. 38, figs. 3-7 & 53 [nymph and 

 details] (1882). — E. maculata, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. v. p. 02 (1747). — E. communis, Retz, C. de G. Gen. 

 and Sp. Ins. 56, no. 180 (1783).—! E. J danica, Ronald's Fly-fish. Ent. ed. v. no. 31 (1856). 



Subimago (living). — Wings at first yellowish green or greenish grey, changing to 

 cinereous, broadly tinged with black-grey along the anterior and terminal margins, the 

 discal spots fuscous orpiceoixs, the cross veinlets edged with ivory-black in the male, the 

 neuration dark. Notuni ultimately black, but at first varied with luteous, when the 

 pronotum has a black longitudinal stripe on each side, the mesonotum a large rhom- 

 boidal luteous spot prolonged at each end into pair of curved streaks, and the luteous 

 metanotum has a pair of L-shaped black marks. Setse brown-black. 



Imago [living). — s . Head black-brown, the antennae paler at the base ; eyes deep sepia- 

 brown with a pale equator. Pronotum dull greyish olivaceous, with a faint trace of the 

 lateral stripes of the subimago : the joining of the head and prothorax and the pleura of 

 this last, as well as the tegulte, greenish yellow. Meso- and metanota jet-black. Abdo- 

 men very pale olivaceous, with pitch-brown markings, sometimes tinged with luteous or 

 yellow-ochre at the tips, joinings, and in the middle line of some of the hinder segments ; 

 the dorsal markings are a pair of curvilinear triangles, broadest at the base of the seg- 

 ment, and ending abruptly at its thickened hinder margin, and a pair of fine curved 

 longitudinal lines interposed lietween them, which are often effaced ; ventral markings, 

 a pair of subparallel fine longitudinal abbreviated black lines, and between them, near 

 the base of the segment, two shorter lines convergent forwards towards one another ; 



