OBSERVATIONS IX HEETFOEDSHIEE IN 1878. 233 



74. Apis Mellifca (honey-bee). Seen at St. Albans, Jan. 1 — C. M. P. ; 

 Watford, Jan. 3— J. H. ; Ware, Jan. 6— R. B. C ; Odsey. Feb. 17— H. G. F. 



75. rieris Brassicie (large white cabbage butterfly). Seen at Watford, April 

 25-J. H. 



76. Pieris Hapm (small white cabbage butterfly). Seen at Watford, April 11 

 —J. H.; St. Albans, April 12-C. M. P.; Haipenden, April 12-J. J. W. ; 

 Hertford, April 15—11. T. A. 



80. Strix. Aluco (bro\ra owl). Hooted at Ware, March 14— R. B. C. 



81. 2Iuscicapa grisola (flycatcher). Seen at Odsey, May 17— H. G. F. 



82. Turdus musicus (song-thrush). Heard at Ware, Jan. 4 — R. B. C. ; St. 

 Albans, Jan. 6-C. M. P. 



83. Turdus pilaris (fieldfare). Seen at Ashwell, Oct. 29— H. G. F. 



84. Daidias Luseinia (nightingale). Heard at St. Albans, April 12 — C. M. P. ; 

 Ware, April 14 -G. H. Gisby; Watford, April 15— J. King; April 17— Miss 

 Wilson; Redbourn, April 18 — George Willshin; Harpenden, April 18— J. J. AV. 

 Odsev, April 19— H. G. F.; Huuton Bridge, April 20— J. E. L. ; King's 

 Langley, April 21 -J. E. L. ; Ware, April 22— R. B. C. 



86. 'ritylloscopiis Trochilus (willow wren) . Heard at Ware, March 1 — R. B. C. 



87. PhijUoscopus collijhita (chiff-chatf). Seen at Huuton Bridge, March 27 — 

 J. E. L. ; Chipperfield, March 29— J. E. L. 



88. Alauda arvetms (sky-lark). Heard at Ware, Jan. 27— R. B. C; St. 

 Albans, Feb. 18-C. M. P. ; Harpenden, April 26— J. J. AV, 



90. Corvus frugilegus (rook). Building at St. Albans, Feb. 13— C. M. P. 



91. Cucuius canorus (cuckoo). Heard at St. Albans, April 17 — C. M. P. ; 

 Hertford, April 17 — R. T. A.; Redbourn. April 18— G. Willshin; Sandon, 

 April 19— H. G.F.; Watford, April 21— J. King; April 24— Dr. Brett; Cassio- 

 bury, April 22 — Lord Essex ; Ware, April 22 — R. B. C. ; Harpenden, April 25 

 —J. J. W. ; Odsey, April 25— H. G. F. 



92. Eirnudo rustica (swallow). Seen at Hunton Bridge, April 9 — J. E. L. ; 

 Hemel Hempstead, April 11— J. E. L. ; Watford, April 12— J. King; Ware, 

 April 15— R. B. C. ; April 17 — G. H. Gisby; St. Albans, April 18— C. M. P. ; 

 Harpenden, April 19 — J. J. W. ; Essendon, April 19 — G. H. Gisby; Ware, 

 April 20— R. B.C.; Sandon, April 20 -H. G. F. ; St. Albans, April 22— C. 

 M. P. ; Odsey, April 28— H. G. F. Last seen at Odsey, Oct. 4— H. G. F. 



93. Ci/psdus Apus (swift). Seen at King's Langley, May 5 — J. E. L. ; St. 

 Albans, May 5— C. M. P. ; Ware, May 9-R. B. C. ; Odsey, May 12— H. G. F. 



96. Scolopnx Rusticola (woodcock). Seen at Abbot's Hill, Hemel Hempstead, 

 Nov. 8— Rev. H. R. Peel. 



97. Rana temporaria (common frog). Spawn seen at Harpenden, March 4 — 

 J. J. W. ; Ware, March 19— R. B. C. 



Selecting from these the phenomena noticed also in 1876 and 

 1877, we find that the nightingale and cuckoo were first heard in the 

 county from one to eight days earlier than in those years, that the 

 swallow and swift were seen from ten to fifteen days earlier, and 

 that frog spawn was seen about a month earlier. The remaining 

 species observed in the three years, the lark, was heard earlier than 

 in 1877, but later than in 1876. 



These records therefore — all at least but the last, and that if one 

 year is excepted — fully bear out the conclusion before arrived at 

 from the evidence afforded by the plants observed ; and it is satis- 

 factory to find that the climatic conditions which retard or accele- 

 rate the growth and development of vegetable life affect the 

 animal world in an analogous manner, causing birds to arrive earlier 

 or later at their accustomed haunts, and amphibians, as evidenced 

 by the frog, to vary the time of the events necessary for the exist- 

 ence of their species. 



