50 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



is accompanied by a set of sections and a contour map of the State and adjoining- 

 territory. The colored map showing areal development of formations shows advance 

 in knowledge on that of Prof. Mudge in the location of the western limit of the 

 permo-carboniferous formations soutli of the Arkansas river. Prof. St. John has 

 also in the bulletins and a later report of the State Board contributed an increase of 

 knowledge on the coal region of the southeastern counties, and a paper on the sup- 

 ply of water by artesian wells. 



The State Board of Agriculture has in its reports printed many valuable papers 

 on branches of Natural Science, Entomology, Pomology, etc., related to the material 

 advancement of the State. A recent bulletin contained a paper on "The Water Sup- 

 ply of Western Kansas," geologically considered, by Prof. Hay, of Junction City, in 

 which the newly-recognized Tertiary grit (Miocene — Loup Fork) is shown to be an 

 important factor in the distribution and retention of water in the western half of 

 the State. 



In 1875 the State Legislature passed a law requiring that to hold the highest grade 

 of certificate teachers of district schools should by examination show that they had 

 at least an elementary knowledge of geology. Though this requirement has since 

 been repealed, it gave an impetus to geological enthusiasm, and paleontological col- 

 lections began to be made in many schools. By request of State Superintendent 

 Fraser, a small work on Kansas geology was prepared by the late Prof. W. K. Kedzie. 

 of the State Agricultural College. This was published in 1877. It was mainly based 

 on the reports of Prof. Mudge, and recognizes in Kansas the following formations, 

 viz.: 



LowEB Caebonifeeous Keokuk limestone. 



! Lower coal measures. 

 Upper coal measures. 

 Permo-carboniferous. 



^ \ Dacotah. 



Ceetaoeous ■] 



( Niobrara. 



Teetiaey Pliocene. 



r Drift. 

 Post Teetiaey j Bluff. 



' Alluvial. 



It will be seen that Prof. Mudge's provisionally-named Fort Hays group, after- 

 wards recognized as the Benton, is omitted. 



In 1868 the Kansas Natural History Society was organized. It has since become 

 the Kansas Academy of Science. Its members have done original work in botany, 

 entomology, ornithology, archaeology, meteorology, mathematics, geology, and pale- 

 ontology. The reports of its proceedings are printed by the State, under the title 

 of " Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science." Thus far, then, these reports 

 are oiKcial; they are made at the cost of the State, as are those of the State Board of 

 Agriculture, and they are increasing in value year by year, being frecjuently accom- 

 panied by lithographed plates. Prof. Mudge was the first president, and besides 

 contributing many characteristic papers to the proceedings, his geological enthusi- 

 asm and genial nature enabled him to give a yeological bias to the general work of 

 the Academy, the impetus of which is yet felt. Besides those already mentioned. 

 Prof. Mudge contributed many other papers to the Academy, and other members 

 did service directly or indirectly bearing on geological science in Kansas. Joseph 

 Savage, of Lawrence, has had papers on "The Yellow Marl," and the "Sink-Holes 

 in Wabaunsee County." Erasmus Haworth has elaborated the geology of Cherokee 

 county. Robert Hay, of Junction City, has described a small metaphorphic area in 



