108 Kansas Academy of Science. 



3. Glacial stripe in eastern Nebraska and northeastern Kansas 

 indicate that the main movement in those regions was from the 

 northeast. Those which indicate other movements are low down in 

 valleys and correspond to a thin and wasted stage of the ice. Some 

 recorded are the following: Omaha, S. 41° W.; Bennet, S. 17°, 41*^, 

 43°, 61° and 88° W.; Weeping Water, larger grooves, S. 29° W.-. 

 St. Joseph, Mo., 125 feet above Missouri river, S. and S. 26° W.; 

 near Seneca, Kan., S. 21°-24° W. 



A collection of more characteristic boulders sent to Minnesota 

 geologists were found to agree, most of them, with ledges found 

 within the borders of that state. Perhaps 90 per cent, of the boul- 

 ders in Kansas are varieties of red quartzite from the Algonkian of 

 southern Minnesota and South Dakota. Nebraska geologists have 

 usually referred similar ones in their state to Dakota, but a striking 

 feature of many of them is the abundance of white quartz pebbles 

 in them. Such rock is found in ledges in Cottonwood and Rock 

 counties in southwestern Minnesota, but is not prominent, if found 

 at all, in South Dakota. This is very likely due to the former be- 

 ing nearer the parent granitic rocks which furnish the framental 

 material. 



Again, if the quartzite came from Dakota it would naturally have 

 been on the east side of the Dakota lobe and not on the extreme 

 western margin of the drift, as we find the boulders in Kansas. On 

 the other hand, if from Minnesota the observed distribution would 

 follow. 



We conclude, therefore, that the western limit of the ice during 

 the Kansan was probably not west of the Coteau des Prairies in 

 eastern Dakota, thence south-southwest across Nebraska, a little 

 west of Fremont and Lincoln, Neb., and east of the Big Blue into 

 Kansas and south in that state to the Kansas river, perhaps, near 

 Topeka, but probably not to that stream further east until near the 

 Missouri, reaching the vicinity of Kansas City. 



THE LINE OF THE MASTER DRAINAGE STREAM. 



Probably the James river approximately marks the course of that 

 ancient stream through the Dakotas, the Big Sioux joining it near 

 Vermilion, S. Dak. Its level was doubtless relatively higher than 

 now, for the erosion of the Cretaceous clays, which cover that region, 

 by the lowan and Wisconsin ice-sheeta was no doubt great. 



Through Nebraska its course was perhaps south-southwest to 

 the Elkhorn near Westpoint, which stream it may have followed 

 always, thence we may suppose across over the present low valley 

 of the Platte and across lower places in the hills south past Val- 



