Geological Papers. 137 



Alder {Alnus oregona) : Found along streams. The region 

 where it grows makes good farm land when cleared. Alder makes 

 the best wood, when dried, the peninsula can afford. 



GAME. 



In this region is to be found an abundance of game. Deer and 

 elk are plentiful; wildcats, panthers and black bears are numerous; 

 ducks and pheasants stay tliroughout the year, and the islands of 

 the coast swarm with sea fowl; and the finest salmon and trout on 

 the coast abound in the numerous streams. 



CLIMATE. 



The climate of this region is controlled by the prevailing west- 

 erly winds from the Pacific ocean, and is characterized by uniform- 

 ity of temperature and by a heavy rainfall, the average being about 

 120 inches annually at Neah bay. Below 1000 feet elevation there 

 is but little frost in winter, and snow is an exception. On the Pa- 

 cific front ice is an almost unknown occurrence, while flowers bloom 

 the year round and the grass keeps constantly green. The atmos- 

 phere is healthful, and the people are sturdy and strong. 



SOIL. 



The lower bottoms where alders grow are sandy; the bench bot- 

 tom-lands are clay loam, but yield readily to cultivation. The soil 

 of the swamps is a dark, porous vegetable mold from one to two 

 feet in depth. This is underlaid with a substratum of blue clay, 

 through which the surface-water cannot readily permeate. The 

 hemlock uplands comprise about half of the general area, and 

 where tested they have proven to be fairly productive. An analysis 

 of the upland soil by Elton Fulmer, of the Washington State Ag- 

 ricultural College, gives the following:** 



Unsoluble silica 54 8952 



Hydrated silica 6 2524 



Soluble , 2527 



Iron oxid 5 3950 



Phosphoric acid 0895 



Chlorin 1026 



Allumesia 8 . 3865 



Lime 2165 



Magnesia 2125 



Potash 0537 



Soda • .4577 



Sulfuric acid 1479 



Volatile and organic matter 14 9733 



Moisture at 120 8 3567 



8. The Leader, Beaver. Wash., December 25, 1896. 



