138 Kansas Academy of Science. 



This analysis shows that the uplands are well adapted to farm- 

 ing and fruit-raising, and the settler has demonstrated it to be a 

 fact. 



The soil of the prairies is composed of decayed fern roots, ran- 

 ging from one to three feet in thickness, the soil thus formed being 

 a black loam. So far as the writer knows it has never been ana- 

 lyzed; but its richness is demonstrated by the large crops that the 

 prairies annually produce. 



In this region there is no such thing as a crop failure. Hay, 

 oats, wheat, rye, potatoes, carrots, and rutabagas do well, and in the 

 lower areas grass grows throughout the year. Dairying and stock- 

 raising are the leading industries, though lumbering is largely car- 

 ried on in the strait section. 



HYDROGRAPHY. 

 Rivers. 



The rivers have a radial arrangement, extending outward from 

 the central mountain area somewhat like the spokes of a wagon- 

 wheel. The watercourses on the sound and strait sides are short 

 and torrent streams. Those on the Pacific front are much longer 

 and larger. All of them will make fairly good logging streams 

 and are also capable of being harnessed to run mills and electric 

 plants. It is not unlikely, when the fall and volume of these 

 streams are considered, that as much water-power can be developed 

 in this region as in Maine and Rhode Island combined. The prin- 

 cipal streams of the peninsula are: Dungeness. Elwah, Lyre, Pysht, 

 Clallam and Hoko on the Strait of Fuca; and Ozette, Queets, Raft 

 and Qaillayute and its tributaries, Soleduck, Calawa, Bogachiel 

 and Dickey on the Pacific front. Four of these streams — Dunge- 

 ness, Elwa, Soleduck, and Calawa, have been officially measured, 

 respectively, at Dungeness, at MacDonald, near Forks, and near 

 Quillayute, with the results indicated in the following tables.'* 



The Elwah river rises in the Happy lake country, north of the 

 central mountain area, and flows nearly north in direction to the 

 Strait of Fuca. Throughout its course, except a very few miles of 

 its length near its mouth, its fall is great. It is worthy of special 

 mention here, from the fact that it is said to have cut its channel 

 through granite walls in its upper middle course; this being the 

 only granite so far mentioned in the region. This watercourse is 

 also worthy of notice, from the fact that the upper Soleduck, or 

 some other river flowing from the south crossing the present Sole- 

 duck, was once a tributary of this stream. This channel is now 



9. U. S. Geol. Survey, An. Rep. 1900-1901, pt. IV, Hydrography, pp. 457-461. 



