Geological Papers. 141 



fourths of a mile; this preventing it from being a hindrance to 

 navigation. 



Hoko river deserves notice from the fact that it rises on the 

 south side of Clallam peak, makes a curve to the westward, turns 

 northward, crosses the main divide between the Pacific and the 

 Strait of Fuca, and enters the latter. It has kept pace with the 

 rate of elevation and has maintained its channel. Its head waters 

 are really in the DickeyQuillayute valley, though by cutting a deep 

 canon through the ridge it has maintained its northerly course. 

 This stream occupied its present position in Pliocene times, except 

 that it flowed farther to the north in its lower course. It was this 

 stream, aided probably by the Clallam river, that filled up the 

 Clallam bay of that age. It is near base-level in its lower course; 

 and its canon serves as a pass from the Clallam bay region to the 

 Quillayute country, via West Clallam. 



The Sekiu is the last stream of any size that flows into the 

 Strait of Fuca. In its lower course it cuts through fossiliferous 

 beds of Miocene age. 



Waatch river, on the Pacific side, is the first stream of any size 

 south of the Cape. It is the remains of an abandoned strait that 

 connected Neah bay with the ocean until even late Pleistorene 

 times. It is now a mud-flat, its waters rising and falling with the 

 tide. 



The Tsoos (Sulz) river is a mud-tide flat in its lower course. 

 It has a wide valley which joins the valley flat of the Waatch, the 

 combined area being the farm lands of the Makah Indians. 



Ozette river flows from the southwest corner of Ozette lake to 

 the ocean through a very swampy area. It is a short stream with- 

 out high banks and wholly cut in the Pleistocene deposits. It is 

 of slow current, and fresh-water clams dot its bed. There is some 

 talk of a ship canal being cut into this lake via this stream. 



Quillayute river is formed by the union of the Soleduck and 

 Bogachiel rivers about six miles from the ocean as the river runs. 

 About a mile from the ocean it receives the Dickey river as a tribu- 

 tary from the northwest. It runs through a wide valley, most of 

 which is material that has been deposited by the stream itself. A 

 large bay has been filled up by this stream in comparatively recent 

 times. It is a very changeable stream, and always carries great 

 quantities of silt at flood times. Twenty-six years ago it entered 

 Qaillayute bay near the site of the Indian teacher's residence in 

 the town of La Push, forming a large mud-flat at its mouth; but 

 now it has cut its channel into the foaming surf three-fourths of a 



