Geological Papers. 143 



developing 10,000 horse-power, which is to be developed in the near 

 future for the purpose of running an electric road from Port An- 

 geles via Crescent lake to the springs, and for lighting purposes 

 along the line and at Port Angeles also. Besides the falls, the 

 river has several rapids that may be utilized. 



Calawa river, or Middle river, as the Indian word signifies, rises 

 in the broken central region between the Soled uck and the Boga- 

 chiel and flows almost westward, pouring its waters into the Boga- 

 chiel a few miles above the latter's confluence with the Soleduck. 

 In its lower course it is a meandering stream, though its channel 

 is considerably incised. Once it entered the Bogachiel many miles 

 above its present mouth, its abandoned channel now being Forks 

 Prairie. A meander in it now is nearing the Soleduck, which 

 stream will likely capture it in the near future of geologic time. 

 Like the Soleduck, this stream has aided in filling up a bay in its 

 lower course. In its upper course it is enclosed within canon walls. 



Bogachiel river, or Big river, as the Indian name signifies, rises 

 within a mile of the head waters of the main branch of the Sole- 

 duck and takes a southwesterly direction, its course trending the 

 southern rim of the synclinal trough. It soon encloses itself within 

 canon walls. Six miles from its course, as a bird flies, its bed is 

 2000 feet below the top of the surrounding ridges. In some places 

 its inner valley is a half-mile or more in width ; in other places it 

 is "boxed up," and is further rendered impassable by rapids occur- 

 ing in the river at these places. In the open spaces deer and elk 

 feed. Reaching its middle course the stream turns westward, then 

 west-northwest, and continues in that direction till it forms its con- 

 fluence with the Soleduck. It is a very crooked stream, and is 

 larger than the Soleduck and Calawa combined. In the rock walls 

 of its canon, in its middle course, there are exposed several seams 

 of coal. In its lower course it has incised its channel in fossilifer- 

 ous Pliocene rocks. It has several falls and is capable of great 

 water-power development. 



Hoh river has its head waters in the high ridges on the east 

 side of Mount Olympus. From its source in makes a detour to the 

 northward around the main mass of the Olympics in an almost 

 semicircular course, then flows in a westerly direction to the 

 Pacific, entering it in the vicinity of Destruction island, some 

 eighteen miles down the coast from La Push. Into this stream 

 drain the glaciers of Mounts Olympus, Mean}^ and Constance; and 

 the powdered sediment gives the water of the stream a milky color 

 even at its mouth, forty miles from the mountains ; a cup of water 



