144 Kansas Academy of Science. 



let settle has sediment in it that indicates that the mountain mass 

 is mostly slates and schists, the former predominating. The river 

 IS large and will admit small schooners to enter it at high tide or 

 at high-water times. Its course seems to be along a great fault, it 

 trending the southern rim of the Quillayute synclinal trough, but 

 on the outside, down-throw side of the uplift. In its lower course 

 it runs through a wide, flat valley. In its middle course it cuts 

 through a glacial bench, a benched area indicating that a halt was 

 made by the Olympic glacier at this place as it was retreating to 

 its mountain home at the close of glacial times. In its upper course 

 the river is enclosed in almost impassable canon walls 2000 to 3000 

 feet in height, though the canon itself is wide. In the deep 

 canon thus formed the great blocks of ice, loosed from the snow- 

 fields, plunge often with such terrific force that it shakes the im- 

 mediate region as in an earthquake, the deep detonations caused by 

 the impact being. heard a distance of ten and even twenty miles, the 

 noise at a distance of ten miles sounding like distant thunder.^** 

 The river is capable of developing a great deal of water-power. 



Raft, Queets, and Quinaielt rivers drain synclinal troughs, the 

 trough of the latter still being laked in its lower middle course. 

 These streams are all characteristic for having their channels in- 

 cised in Pliocene rocks in their respective lower courses. 



Remarks. — As a closing remark on the rivers of the region, it 

 is found that the streams flowing into the Strait of Fuck usually 

 follow faults and the streams on the Pacific front drain synclinal 

 troughs, the lower courses of the latter streams being drowned in 

 Pliocene and again in Pleistocene times. 



Lakes. 



There are many lakes in the region. Some are high up in the 

 mountains and are known as the Happy lakes and the Frozen 

 lakes, the latter being so named because they are frozen over most 

 of the year. These are beautiful in summer, and in time will be 

 of value as reservoirs for watering stock. To-day only elk and deer 

 drink of their waters and wallow in their muddy beaches. The 

 large lakes of the region are Lakes Pleasant, Beaver, Sutherland, 

 Crescent, Ozette and Dickey. 



Lake Beaver is a small body of water on the Olallam-LaPush 

 wagon-road some eighteen miles from East Clallam. It is a very 

 beautiful lake, enclosed within high, rocky walls. Its depression 



10. The Indians believe that in timeof stormy weather a bird of monstrous size soars through 

 the heavens and by the opening and shutting of his eyes it produces the lightnmg and by the 

 flapping of its wings it produces the thunder and the mighty winds. This bird, they say. has its 

 nest in a dark hole under the glacier at the foot of the Olympic glacial field and that its moving 

 about in its home produces the "thunder-noise" there. 



