158 Kansas Academy of Science. 



the mouth of the Hoko river are pitched toward the northwest 

 Along each fault a small stream finds its way to the Strait of Fuca. 



In the Cape Flattery promontory, which is separated from the 

 rest of the highland area by a fault and by the Waatch river, the 

 strata are much broken in the sandstone districts and contorted in 

 the shaly sections, the shale looking much like it had been run 

 through a giant crimping machine; but in a general way all the 

 strata of this area from the strait to the Pacific dip north, varying 

 from northeast to northwest. The higher angle of dip is on the 

 Pacific side. It here reaches even sixty degrees. The promontory, 

 therefore, forms one great monocline. 



East of Waatch strait and south of the Clallam Bay-Cape Flat- 

 tery monocline is the western extension of the axis of the Olympic 

 mountains. This has been a line of disturbance, and consequently 

 the structure is quite complex. South of this axis and extending 

 eastward sixty miles is the wide synclinal Quillayute-Ozette trough. 

 Then along the coast to the mouth of the Huh river and extending 

 from there to the Happy lake country, as we have seen, is a ridge 

 which, from the mouth of the Hoh river westward, is narrow and 

 roughly parallel with the main axis of the western extension of the 

 Olympics, mentioned above. The dip of the strata is also north, 

 varying from northeast to northwest. As a result of this change 

 of dip, several determinable folds with northwest- southeast axis 

 are formed, which now extend out as the headlands and rows of 

 islands off the coast. Folds and intervening synclitjes are also no- 

 ticeable south of the Hoh river, all witli axis parallel to the ones 

 previously mentioned. In the vicinity of the mouth of the Qai- 

 naielt there is a prominent syncline developed in the Pliocene 

 (Arnold). 



FORMATIONS IN DETAIL. 



Geologic Formations. — The formations of this region, so far 

 as known, are as follows: Supposed pre-Crntaceous, supposed Cre- 

 taceous (tree stages), Eocene, Oligocene-Miocene, Pliocene (two 

 stages), Pleistocene, and recent. 



Supposed pre- Cretaceous. — Rocks supposed to be pre-Cretaceous 

 in age are found in the central Olympic region ( ?) (not mapped); in 

 the central ridge which extends westward from the Olympics to 

 Cape Flattery (?) (mapped where known to occur as surface rock); 

 and on the Pacific front at Portage Head, eight miles south of Cape 

 Flattery, and at the Point of the Arches, four miles further south, 

 and ift the region from Point Granville south to within a few miles 

 of Gray's Harbor, and a few other smaller exposures along the 



