162 Kansas Academy of Science. 



posures, but are most pronounced in the rocks of the islands off 

 the coast, especially in those exposed in the Jagged island group. 



Indications of oil are very noticeable in the soft gray sandstone 

 of this series about a mile south of the Point of the Arches, and 

 also at several locations on the coast south of the Quillayute river. 

 Oil-springs also occur on Hoh head a mile north of the mouth of 

 the Hoh river. Oil is also said to have been found at several places 

 down the coast south of the Hoh. 



This formation may be a continuation of the sandstone series of 

 the Olympic region; but lack of time has prevented the writer from 

 making a detailed examination of the middle Soleduck-Bogachiel 

 country. The formation seems, however, to continue as a ridge to 

 the mountains, as the divide between the Hoh and the eastern 

 tributaries of the Quillayute. 



This formation is not a continuous wall along the coast farther 

 west than the mouth of the Quillayute river. From that point 

 northwestward it has been broken through by streams and the sea 

 at different times till nbw it represents "island" patches surrounded 

 on three sides by unlithified material and on the front by the sea. 

 They were islands in the Pliocene and Pleistocene times, as 

 will be stated later; now they are often mere headlands, penin- 

 sulas or semi-islands, where the later deposits have not been entirely 

 removed from them so that they again stand out from the coast as 

 islands. They are the last remnants of this supposed Cretaceous 

 ridge. To consider them as a whole, they may be termed "monad- 

 nocks." 



Eocene: Crescent Formation. — This formation has a very limited 

 exposed area. It comprises only the region in the vicinity of Crescent 

 Bay and the prominent ridge which extends along the coast from 

 this bay east to Freshwater Bay and some of the ridges that lie 

 west of the south half of Lake Crescent (?). It is composed of 

 volcanic material throughout. Its lowest exposure is on Tongue 

 Point, on the west side of Crescent Bay, though the base of the 

 formation is not there exposed. There it is black massive basalt 

 some 200 feet in thickness. Superimposed upon the basalt are 

 about 200 feet of greenish basalt tuffs and tufaceous sands. And 

 superimposed upon this series are again 200 feet of black vesicular 

 basalt; the whole likely representing several surface flows. A 

 Freshwater Bay section also gives 600 ,f eet of basalt and massive 

 basalt tuff at base of exposure. On this are exposed 400 feet of 

 thin-bedded green tuff, over which are superimposed 200 feet of 



