202 Kansas Academy of Science. 



also the case with the fossils of the Puget group of Washington. 

 To review the Astoria (Oregon) Miocene list of Conrad, fourteen 

 fossils of the Gettysburg series are represented in it and thirteen 

 fossils of the Clallam-Neah Bay series, seven of which are also 

 found at Gettysburg, making for the Clallam formation, as a whole, 

 twenty species identical with those of the Astoria formation. To 

 carry the correlation to the Tertiary fossils of Vancouver Island, it 

 is found that of the fossils of the Sooke District only four are rep- 

 resented in the fossils of the Clallam formation, but the fossils of 

 Oarmanah Point have a better ratio. Ten are found to be identi- 

 cal. Also the Clallam-Neah Bay fossils are found to be more nearly 

 related to the Carmanah Point fossils than those at Gettysburg, the 

 ratio being ten to six; but the fossils of the whole formation are 

 more related to the Astoria Miocene. It therefore seems that the 

 age of the Clallam formation is practically the same as that of the 

 Astoria formation. 



GENERAL REMARKS. 



Pliocene. — In Pliocene times the lower courses of practically all 

 the streams flowing into the Pacific, and also of the Hoko and 

 Clallam rivers, flowing into the strait, were submerged. In addi- 

 tion, the great synclinal trough reaching from the mouth of the 

 Suez river and Waatch strait eastward far into the Bogachiel coun- 

 try, and practically from the coast northward nearly to the westward 

 extension of the Olympic axis, was covered with a deep sea, so that 

 whales made it their playground. Then at the close of the epoch 

 most of the region was elevated above the sea, all on the Pacific 

 side to be submerged again in the Pleistocene. The distinct for- 

 mations represented in the region are as follows: 



Hoko Formation. — A series of conglomerates occupy the terri- 

 tory from the Hoko river in its lower course eastward to Clallam 

 Bay, and is seen to rest unconformably upon the upturned and 

 eroded sandstones and shales of the Clallam formation. The boul- 

 ders of this formation were seen to contain Mioceng fossils. The 

 formation certainly being pre-Pleistocene, the above evidence lo- 

 cates it with certainty in the Pliocene (Arnold). Its thickness is 

 approximately 300 feet. 



I^ajt River Formation. — An outcrop on the north side of the 

 mouth of Raft river contains concretionary sandstone and gray 

 shale, which Doctor Arnold considers an equivalent of a portion of 

 the Quinaielt formation, described next below. 



Quinaielt Formation. — Doctor Arnold's description (in part):^ 



63. Geoloerical Reconnaissance of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Bull. Geol. See. Am., 

 vol. 17, p. 465. 



