Geological Papers. 231 



Peninsula region appears to have taken place at or near the close 

 of the Miocene epoch, ^^ and still another lesser one during the late 

 Pliocene. That orogenic movements are still taking place, or have 

 occurred since the deposition of the Pleistocene, is evidenced by 

 the very gently folded and tilted clays, sands and gravels in the 

 vicinity of Port Angeles." 



ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 

 Sand and Gravel. 



The gravel, though not a first-grade quality, is practically un- 

 limited in quantity. The best grade is found on the strait side, 

 but any of it is good road- building material, and is now being used 

 for that purpose. And when the railroads once enter the region 

 there is gravel enough in it to make the grades and keep the roads 

 ballasted after completion. 



The sand in the west end of the peninsula is a limited quantity, 

 being confined principally to the beach districts; but fronting the 

 strait from Grettysburg to Port Townsend it is practically inex- 

 haustible in quantity. Where found it is a good plastering and 



street-paving sand. 



Building Stone. 



The sandstone of the Clallam formation and the sandstone of 



the Olympics would make good building material, but as yet there 



is no demand for stone in the region, and likely will not be for 



many years to come. 



Iron Ore. 



In the region back of Port Townsend, on the Puget Sound side, 

 there are said to be mountains of low-grade iron ore ; also extinct 

 swamps containing this metal. There were iron reduction works in 

 this region once, but the ore there is said to be so poor in grade 

 that the ore used was imported from the Canadian side. This iron- 

 ore region was not visited by the writer. 



Gold Placer s.^^ 

 As yet the interior of the Olympic region has not been pros- 

 pected; but many quartz veins in the mountains and in the Clallam 

 Peak country are known to carry gold. Some in the latter region 

 are said to carry it in paying quantities. At the present time, 

 however, the only gold-mining carried on is that of placer mining 

 along the Pacific beach; and it only pays in spots. The principal 



67. Should the Quillayute formation prove to be Upper Miocene, then there were two periods 

 ■of uplift in the epoch— one at the close of the Clallam stag:e and the other at the close of the 

 Quillayute. 



68. Also, see Arnold. U. S. Geol. Bull. No. 260. pp. 154-157. Gold Placers of the Coast of Wash- 

 ington. 



