6o KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



of the scales, that in the Mecoptera the cross-veins, rather numerous, 

 show indications of fading out. In Panorpa many of the cross-veins 

 are very faint in their median portion, and are plainly tending toward 

 obliteration. In the Trichoptera, with wing-covering more special- 

 ized than that of Panorpa, the cross-veins are comparatively few, and 

 in the Lepidoptera, of most specialized wing-covering, except for the 

 discal vein cross-veins are rarely present. 



Turning now to the Lepidoptera, an interesting condition of the 

 wing-clothing of certain forms is presented; especially interesting in 

 the light of our examination of the wings of the Trichoptera and 

 Panorpidas. A careful inspection of the wing-membranes of Microp- 

 teryx reveals on them, in addition to the numerous specialized scales 

 a covering of very fine hairs differing radically from the scales in size, 

 arrangement and mode of attachment to the membrane, and agreeing 

 essentially with thq fixed hairs of the Trichoptera (see fig. 4, Plate IX). 

 These minute hairs are present in all the species of Micropteryx I 

 have examined, viz. : iinimaculella, anderschella, ?nansiieiella, c/uyso- 

 Icpidella, claiJirata, tJiunbergella, sparjnajiella, fastiiosella, aruncella, 

 seppella, fastiiosella, and scmipurpiirella. Further a similar condi- 

 tion of wing-covering occurs in the genus Plepialus (see fig. 3, Plate 

 IX), of which I have examined the following species: sylvinus, gracilis, 

 Jiumuli, argentata, haydenii, hccta, purpurascens, argenieoinacnlatus, 

 vicglashani, bchrcnsii and its variety inontaniis. These two genera 

 are the only genera in their respective families, the Micropterygidse 

 and the Hepialida^, and these two families constitute the suborder 

 Jugatte of Professor Comstock. All the rest of the known families 

 of Lepidoptera are comprised in the suborder Frenatae of Comstock. 

 I have yet to discover these hairs in any one of the Frenatae, though 

 I have examined a large number of forms distributed widely over the 

 group. 1 am convinced that the presence of this clothing on the 

 wing-membranes of the Jugatse is a subordinal character.* 



This fine hair clothing in the Jugatse may be specifically described 

 as follows: in Micropteryx unimaculella (see fig. 4, Plate IX), the fore 



*The new provisional classification of the Tjepidoptera by Professor Comstock (loc. cit.) 

 based on characters drawn from the wing structure, presents as its most radical depart- 

 tirn from earlier nrransements, the erection within the order of two suborders. One of 

 these groups, \\v .hi-itie. is thus defined: "This suborder includes those moths in which 

 the two Willis "I '•M-\\ side are united by a membranous lobe, the jugum, borne at the 

 base of tlic iiuicr mar.ulu of the fore-wings, and in which the anal area of the hindwings 

 is reduced whi.e the radial is not. The most available recognition character is the 

 similarity in venation of the two pairs of wings; radius being five-branched in the hind- 

 wiQ?s as well as in the fore wings." This suborder comprises but two families, the 

 Micropterygidag and the Hepialidse. 



The suborder Frenatae is characterized as follows: "This suborder Includes those 

 moths and butterflies in which the two wings of each side are united by a frenulum, 

 borne at the base of the costal margin of the hind wings, or by a substitute for a frenulum , 

 a large humeral area of the hind wings; and in which radius of the hindwing is reduced 

 to ail nniiraiiilird I'oudition, while in the more generalized forms the anal area is not 

 reduced. The must available recognition character is the dissimilarity in venation of, 

 the iwo \v.\\\> ni wings, due to the imbranched condition of radius of the hindwings 

 while this vein in the forewings separates into several branches." The FrenatiE includes 

 all the families of Lepidoptera except the Micropterygidge and the Hepialidse. 



