KELLOGG: TAXONOMIC VALUE OF SCALES OF LEriDOPTEKA. 



77 



are usually long, slender 



$, 



\1 



1 



i 



Aiidrofouia from the 

 wiusrs of male butterflies. 



Among the Nymphalidi^ the androcon: 

 and feathered at the tip, (see fig. 14); in 

 the Pieridse they are usually fringed at 

 the apex, and heart shaped at the base, 

 the pedicel being peculiarly developed 

 into a slender stem with a ball at its tip 

 (see fig. 15); in the Lycaenidffi a battle- 

 dore shape is presented, the scale usually 

 being quite small (see fig. 16). The 

 androconia are found almost without 

 exception on the upper side of the wings, 

 and are more commonly met with on the 

 forevvings than on the hindwings. They 

 are often found in certain limited spots, 

 or in folds of the \vings. This is usually 

 the case among the Nymphalida;, a fa- 

 miliar example being the pouch of the 

 hindwings of Daiiais arcliippiis. Among the Papilionidje they are 

 limited to folds on the wings, as those folds along the inner margin 

 of the hindwings of Papilio. In the Hesperidae the androconia are 

 found in costal folds or in the familiar discal spots or streaks. 

 Among the Lycsenidoe and Pieridse they are most often scattered over 

 the wing-surface being concealed in the general wing covering. 



The function of the androconia was first made out by Fritz Miiller* 

 to be that of external parts of scent organs. Miiller gave a long list 

 of species who give off o<iors by means of scales. 



That male butterflies may possess odors and that these odors come 

 from scales, can be confirmed by catching a male of our common 

 Imported Cabbage Butterfly {Pieris rapie \^.') and after rubbing the 

 upper surface of the forewing with the finger, smelling of the finger- 

 tip. A distinctly pleasing aromatic fragrance is apparent. Odors 

 cannot be made out by human olfactories in many cases of the 

 occurrence of androconia, but it is probable that it is because of 

 the limitations of the human ear rather than because of an absence 

 of odor, and odor may be pretty fairly attributable to any form pos- 

 sessing androconia. 



That the androconia may act as scent organs it is necessary that 

 they be still connected with the metabolic processes, and therefore 

 with the living tissues of the lepidopteron. This is not the case 

 with the ordinary scales. Weissmann| has shown that living cells are 



*Muller. Fritz. See notes on Brazilian Entomology, Transactions London Ento. Soc. 

 1877. London. Ueber Haarpinsel, Filzflecke und aehnliche Gebilde auf den Flnegeln 

 maennlicher Schmetterlinge. Jeuaisch. Zeitschrift f . Naturwiss. vol. 11, 1877, Jena,: aind 

 other papers. 



tWeissman, August, Ueber Duftsehuppeu, Zool. Auzeiger, 1878, Leipzig;. 



