124 KANSAS UNIVERSISV QUARTERLY. 



the headgates. There is a dam across the underHow ditch near its 

 lower end and two centrifugal pumps, tlie intention being to pump 

 the underflow into the main canal. The head-works consist of a 

 wing dam made of sod, brush and sand-bags for deflecting the water 

 into the canal; six gates 4x6 ft. set in wooden frames for regulating 

 the amount of water admitted to the canal. About }2. niile down 

 the canal from the head gates are the waste gates, similar to the head 

 gates. This canal is tlesigned to irrigate the upland. It has a grade 

 of from two to three feet per mile for the first 45 miles or until it 

 reaches the divide; thence it follows the divide, the grade being 

 much greater in some places. At one point there is a drop of 20 feet. 

 It throws out laterals on both sides and commands a large area of 

 country. There are 80 reservoir sites on the canal, varying in size 

 from ID to 160 acres and from 2 to 50 feet deep. The total cost of 

 the work was $700,000, or an average cost of $7292 per mile. On 

 the table land the cost was from $200 to $300 per mile. The present 

 owners have ceased operations for the present, and a few individuals 

 are operating the canal and using the water down to Cimaron, 7 miles 

 from the head. 



The Garden City canal is the oldest irrigating canal in the Arkan- 

 sas valley in Kansas. Its construction was commenced by private 

 individuals in 1879. The first chartered company was the Garden 

 City Irrigation, Water Power and Manufacturing Co.: the present 

 owners are the Garden (^ity Irrigation Co. This canal is on the 

 north side of the river, is 10 miles long, has 20 miles of laterals, and 

 irrigates bottom land only. It is 20 ft. wide at bottom, 30 ft at top; 

 is 3 ft. deep, l>as a grade of 2 to 2^2 ft. to the mile, and a carrying 

 capacity of 200 cu. ft. per sec. The head-works are located 4 miles 

 west of Garden City and consists of a dam made of sods and sand- 

 bags extending about 200 ft. up and out into the river, eight 4x5 ft. 

 gates for regulating the amount of water which enters the canal and 

 six similar gates near by for allowing the water not taken into canal 

 to pass into a waste-way and thus back into river. The cost of the 

 works was $15,000, and the annual charge for water is $1.25 to $2.00 

 per acre. It commands an area of 10,000 acres. 



The Kansas canal is designed to irrigate a portion of the bottom 

 and upland. Its construction was commenced in 1880 by individu- 

 als. The first chartered company that had possession of it was the 

 Kansas Irrigation, Water Power and Manufacturing Co. It is now 

 owned by the Garden City Irrigation Co. It is located on the north 

 side of the river; is 20 miles long and has 30 miles of laterals; is 

 20 ft. wide at bottom and 30 ft. at the top, 3 '2 ft. deep; has a grade 

 of 2% ft. to the mile and has a capacity of 350 cu. ft. per sec. 



