snow: cnephalia and its allies. 179 



of Cnephalia! Hebes Fallen, placed in Gonia by Meigen, Schiner, 

 Kowarz and v.d.Wulp, is removed by Brauer and Bergenstamm * to 

 \.\\€\x xv^\N ^^XiVi?, Pseudogonia, the type of which is Gonia cincrasens 

 Rond. This genus is distinguished f from Gonia by the elongated 

 claws and pulvilli, and the lack of orbital bristles in the male. It is 

 said to differ from Spallanzania Rond. only in these very feeble 

 characters: arista geniculate, second joint almost as long as the third; 

 while to Spalanzania are imputed: arista not geniculate, second joint 

 much shorter than the third. These statements, based upon a minute 

 analysis of Schiner's specimens, are apparently decisive, and we are 

 hardly prepared for the later declaration of Brauer and Bergenstamm, 

 at the end of Part III, in a supplement to the alphabetical index to 

 Part II, that "-hebes Fallen {Go nia)^:=: Cnephalia bucephala Schiner, 

 teste P. Stein. Type Fallen Coll. V.wx\.(^.^=^bisetosa n." It would seem 

 that the authors omitted//, after the name bucephala Schiner. Oth- 

 erwise it would appear that Gonia {Fseudogonia') hebes Fall, is a 

 " Mischart " of the three species above meniioned, as stated by 

 these authors. \i parte be inserted, the synonymy would read Gonia 

 hcbes YdW.^^Cnephalia bisetosa B. B., which, after all, bears a very 

 decided resemblance to that slighted synonymy of v.d.WuIp's: hebes 

 Y2X\.^=hebes 'Kox\d.=^bucephala Schiner. 



To sum up briefly: 



In 1851 Rondani called Gonia hebes the type of his genus Cne- 

 phalia. 



In 1862, Schiner declared that hebes Rond. was not hebes Fall., but 

 a synonym of bucephala Meig. 



In 1S88 v.d.Wulp made hebes Rond. and bucepha/a Schin. (non 

 Meig.) synonyms of hebes Fall. 



In the same year Kowarz did not mention hebes Rond. in a treatise 

 on Gonia, and the inference is that he agreed with Schiner. 



In 1889, Brauer and Bergenstamm followed Schiner in considering 

 hebes Rond. as a synonym of bucepha/a Meig. 



In 189 1 the latter authors placed hebes Fall, along with cinerascens 

 Rond. in their new genus Pseudogonia, and maintained that C. buce- 

 phala Schin. was in reality equivalent to three species: C. multisetosa 

 C. bisetosa B. B., and Spallanzania hebes Rond. 



In 1893, the same authors in Part III, p. 222, give this synonymy: 

 hebes Fa\\en=^bueephala Schir\er^=bisetosa B. B.| and place the 

 species in the genus Cnephalia instead of Pseudogonia. 



It need hardly be said that few other species in the family have 

 been so misunderstood and received so many names as has the pres- 



* L c. Pmi-s II. p. 40L 



+ L. c. Piirs III. p. 12.5. 189.3. 



t On p. 125 of the same part, bisetosa is spoken of as a distinct species. 



