2l6 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 



In the accompanying geological map of Kansas, the boundary lines 

 of the formations above the Carboniferous have been almost wholly 

 derived from my own observations made during the past twenty 

 years, and in many cases cannot lay claim to close accuracy. 



The Tertiary area indicated is for the greater part the area of the 

 water-bearing rocks. The lowermost portions of these beds are, in all 

 probability, the Nebraska beds of the Loup Fork Miocene. Above 

 them occur the Palo Duro and Equus beds of the Pliocene and 

 Pleistocene. The rocks of the Nebraska beds are usually coarse 

 sands and sandstones. Above them the deposits are mostly sands 

 and sandy marls. Altogether the beds are from one hundred to one 

 hundred and fifty feet in thickness. 



The Ft. Pierre beds of the Montana Cretaceous are in Kansas 

 wholly composed of dark blue shales with argillaceous concretions, 

 and altogether do not exceed one hundred feet in thickness. 



The Niobrara beds of the Colorado Cretaceous are wholly com- 

 posed of blue, white and buff chalk, and measure about four hundred 

 and fifty feet in thickness. 



The Benton beds of the Colorado Cretaceous are formed of more 

 solid, stratified chalk or soft limestone, about eighty feet in thickness 

 with beds of dark blue shale and strata of solid yellow limestone 

 making altogether about four hundred feet. 



The Dakota Cretaceous deposits are nearly wholly sandstones, usu 

 ally of a dark red color, though sometimes softer and more yellow 

 They are about three hundred feet in thickness. 



The Comanche Cretaceous is composed of sandstone and dark 

 blue shales measuring about one hundred feet. 



The Triassic beds are composed of red sands and sandstones with 

 layers of gypsum. 



The Carboniferous has beds of clay shales and limestones in the 

 upper part and limestones, shales, sandstones and coal in the middle 

 and lower portions. Their whole thickness is about twenty-five 

 hundred feet. 



