HAWORTH: THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE KANSAS COAL MEASURES. 281 



large ramount of flint nodules nor larger masses of flint than do these 

 beds in places a few miles to the west of Portervale. The other 

 characteristic referred to is the almost complete crystalline structure 

 which the Triple limestone in places seems to possess. There seems 

 to be an association in someway between the degree of crystallization 

 and the abundance of flint, so that near Uniontown the crystallization 

 is also highly developed. This association is looked upon as only a 

 matter of coincidence. 



The lola limestones are remarkable in four ways: First, their great 

 thickness; second, their great lateral extent; third, their unusual 

 freedom from both lateral and vertical seams; and fourth, their high 

 degree of crystallization. The freedom from either vertical or lateral 

 fissures is so great that in the quarries at lola immensely large blocks 

 can be obtained which show no signs of fissures of any kind. This 

 property is also recognizable along the outcroppings of the rock on 

 the summit of hills, the masses which break loose and begin working 

 their way downward are remarkable for their great size. In many 

 places such masses measure from 20 to 50 feet across and doubtless 

 in extreme cases, as at Table Mound, they are even greater. In 

 degree of crystallization almost throughout the whole of their extent 

 within the state at least two-thirds of the mass of calcium carbonate 

 exists in the crystalline state. This permits one to recognize them in 

 many instances. In a few places only, as around Fontana, does 

 this crystalline structure decrease to normal conditions. 



The Burlington or Garnett limestones have characteristics which 

 are of no special importance, excepting in the vicinity of Lane where 

 the Lane quarries occur. Here they assume a crystalline structure 

 and a degree of compactness which render them unusually valuable 

 for building material. Even more, they are susceptible of taking a 

 high polish, so that they are serviceable for pedestals of tombstones, 

 monuments, and other ornamental work. This property has given to 

 them the title of "marble." The upper one of the Oread limestones 

 is noted for the large amount of flint which it carries, in some places 

 almost equaling the ordinary proportion of flint in the famous Flint 

 Hills limestone. It is also characterized as remarkably compact, as 

 already pointed out, and is exceedingly rich in faunal contents. 



In passing westward, shortly after leaving the horizon of Topeka, 

 a marked change begins to be perceptible in both the limestones and 

 the shales. TheUimestones begin assuming that peculiar buff color 

 which is so characteristic of the Permian rocks, a color which must be 

 observed to be understood; while the shales also begin parting with 

 their dark carbonaceous or bituminous appearance and gradually 

 grade into the lighter yellow or buff characteristic of the Permian 



