io6 Bird -Lore 



summer plumage (Fig. i). Adults, in winter, resemble Figure 2 above, but 

 have the white throat about as well defined as in Figure i. 



White-crowne(f Sparrow {Zonolrichia leucophrys, Figs. 5-6). The 

 Juvenal plumage of the White-crowned Sparrow differs much more from the 

 first winter plumage than does that of the White-throat. So far as the under- 

 parts are concerned, they are both streaked and not unlike, but while the 

 dorsal plumage of the White-throat resembles in color that of the winter 

 plumage, which soon replaces it, the back of the nestling White-crowned is as 

 strongly streaked with black as that of a young Song Sparrow, for which, 

 indeed, it might easily be mistaken. 



First winter plumage (Fig. 5) is apparently gained by molt of the body 

 feathers and wing-coverts, and varies comparatively little. The adult plumage 

 (Fig. 6) is accjuired by partial molt the first spring, and thereafter the bird 

 shows no color change, the adult in winter being like the adult in summer. 



Three races of Zonotrichia leucophrys appear in the A. O. U. Check-List, 

 as follows: 



Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (White-crowned Sparrow). Range: 

 North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones of high mountains 

 from southern Oregon to central California, and east to Wyoming and southern 

 New ISIexico, and from limit of trees in central Keewatin and northern Ungava 

 to southeastern Keewatin, central Quebec, and southern Greenland; winters 

 from northern Lower California, southern Arizona, southern Kansas, and the 

 Ohio Valley (casually from the Potomac Valley), south to Louisiana and 

 Mississippi, and over the Mexican plateau to Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Guanajuato. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli (Gambel's Sparrow). Range: Western North 

 America. Breeds in Boreal zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska 

 and northern Mackenzie (rarely outside the mountains south of Great Slave 

 Lake) south to central Oregon and central Montana; west to coast mountains 

 of southwestern Alaska and British Columbia; winters from northern Cali- 

 fornia and Utah south to San Luis Potosi, Mazatlan, Lower California, and 

 outlying islands; casual east in migration to Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, and 

 eastern Texas. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli (Nuttall's Sparrow). Range: Pacific coast. 

 Breeds in Humid Transition Zones from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to 

 San Luis Obispo County, California; winters from central Oregon southward 

 to Santa Margarita Island, Lower California. 



Black-chinned Sparrow (Spizella atrogularis, Figs. 3-4). This Mexican 

 relative of our Field Sparrow is not sufficiently well represented in the American 

 Museum collections to enable me to describe its plumage changes. The adult 

 female resembles the male, but usually has less black on the throat. The 

 nestling plumage resembles the first winter (Fig. 4), and, unlike the correspond- 

 ing plumage of Spizella pusilla, is not streaked below. 



