the Birds of the Loioer Petchora. 115 



where it is replaced by the House- Sparrow. In the summer 

 of 1872, Alston and Harvie Brown did not obtain or see 

 a single example on the well-cultivated delta, nor in the 

 town of Arcliangel. In March this year, among the large 

 flocks of Sparrows frequenting the manure heaps and farm- 

 yards of Archangel, the Tree-Sparrow was represented by a 

 very small percentage. Eastwards it was found in greater or 

 less abundance in all the villages, and at Ust Zylma it was 

 seen in numbers. Northwards we met with it up to and 

 within the arctic circle, finding it plentiful at Kuya, where 

 it lived apparently in harmony with equal numbers of House- 

 Sparrows, It was absent from Alexievka ; but we obtained a 

 solitary straggler as far north as Stanavoialachta. This bird 

 breeds in holes in the wooden houses. We never met with 

 it in the forests. 



Pyrrhula vulgaris, Temm. 



In spring, before the snow melted, we found the Bullfinch 

 sparingly and in small flocks in the neighbourhood of the 

 forest-stations, where there was abundance of food. As the 

 season advanced they seemed to disperse through the woods, 

 without receiving any accession to their numbers. After the 

 snow was mostly gone, or only lying in the deep valleys and 

 hollows in the pine- woods, we only met with one male ; and 

 we did not again see the species to the northward. 



Carpodacus erythrinus (Pall,). 



We saw two examples only of the Scarlet Bullfinch, both 

 males, at Ust Zylma, on the 7th June, and we shot one of 

 them. The note uttered by these birds was high-pitched, 

 and may be rendered by the syllables tu-ivit-tu-tui, uttered 

 at intervals. That heard by Alston and Harvie Brown at 

 Archangel in 1872, uttered by females of this species, was 

 a low Greenfinch-like single zh-zh-zh. 



CORYTHUS ENUCLEATOR (L.). 



We met with Pine-Grosbeaks at Ust Zylma for the first 

 time this season on the 24th May, and we were at first 

 quite deceived by their rich Thrush-like song. We thought 

 when we first heard it that we were going to find some one of 



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