122 Messrs. H. Seebohm and J. A. Harvie Brown on 



we shot them in the act. They seldom alighted in the open 

 fields^ and in this respect differed completely from the next 

 species. 



The tundra at Stanavoialachta was the only locality where 

 we found them breeding ; and there we procured two nests. 

 There also the birds, on two occasions, were seen to perch on 

 the low stunted Avillows. 



Anthus cervinus. Pall. 



The Red-throated Pipit is an extremely abundant species 

 during migration at Ust Zylma ; and large straggling flocks 

 were constantly passing over for days together between the 

 1 7th May, when we first got specimens, and the 29th, when no 

 less than ten were secured out of one flock. These migratory 

 flocks did not rest much at Ust Zylma ; but when they did 

 pitch to feed or rest, they preferred the marshy, hummocky, 

 open ground^ like their native tundra, of which there were 

 one or two patches near the town. They rested also in the 

 fields, perching on the heaps of manure ; but they were gene- 

 rally to be seen passing overhead against the wind at a con- 

 siderable elevation, the bright sun glancing on their breasts, 

 enabling us easily to identify them. We saw no more at Ust 

 Zylma after the latter date, but found them again sparingly 

 on the islands of the upper delta between Viski and Gorodok. 

 Northwards they became abundant on the willow-covered 

 islands of the lower delta, and on the tundra around Vassil- 

 kova and up to Stanavoialachta, but were not found at Dvoinik 

 in such large numbers. 



Both at the time of migration and at their breeding-haunts 

 we frequently saw them perching on low trees and bushes. 



Many of their eggs and nests were brought to us by the 

 Zyriani, or found by our men and ourselves after our arrival 

 at Alexievka ; but by that time (say June 26th) by far the 

 larger number of the former were deeply incubated. Young 

 able to fly were procured on the 20th July. 



BUDYTES VIRIDIS, Scop. ? 



This handsome species is abundant around Ust Zylma, but 

 becomes scarcer further north, and at last finally disappears, 



