Severtzoff's 'Fauna of Turkestan.' 179 



Vertical range. Breeds in districts 2 and 3, and occurs on 

 passage in the former. 



Severtzoff includes also two subspecies of this species which, 

 so far as I can judge from a large series of Tawny Pipits I 

 have examined, I should not consider to be specifically sepa- 

 rable from true A. camjjestris . The first of these he calls 



Anthus campesti'is, /3. orient alls, Brehm. 



Horizontal range. Breeds in all four districts. 



Vertical range. Breeds in district 3. 



This form, he says (p. 141), has long legs, small hind claws, 

 is greyish brown above, and has light yellowish brown mark- 

 ings on the outer rectrices. The second so-called subspecies, 

 of which he gives no description, is called 



Anthus campestris, y. hrachycentrus, Heugl. 



Range. Similar to that of the preceding subspecies, but it 

 breeds also in district 2. 



203. Anthus trivialis, L. 



Anthus arbor eus, Severtzoff, pp. 67, 139. 



Horizontal range. Breeds and occurs on passage in all four 

 districts, but rarely in the first three. 



Vertical range. Occurs rarely on passage in district 1, and 

 commonly in district 2 ; breeds rarely in districts 3 and 4. 



202 a. Anthus pratensis, SevertzoflF, pp. 67, 139. 



Horizontal range. Occurs on passage in all four districts, 

 and in winter in district IV. 



Vertical range. Occurs on passage in districts 1 and 2. 



At page 139 Severtzoff goes into detail to show that there 

 are in Turkestan intermediate forms between the Tree-Pipit 

 and Meadow-Pipit, which he consequently treats as being two 

 forms of the same species. These notes I need not reproduce ; 

 but it may be well to insert the following MS. note written 

 for me by Dr. Severtzoff, viz. : — " I can only consider that 

 the Tree-Pipit and the Meadow-Pipit are locally specifically 

 distinct; for in Turkestan there are several intermediate forms, 

 which I term varieties, as they run into each other, and the 

 differences arc not specific. These varieties arc : — 



"Anthus intermedius, Severtzoff, which has the hind claw 



