180 Mr. H. E. Dresser's Notes on 



of varying length; and the typical long slender bill of Atitfius 

 pratensis, 



" Anthus microrhynchus, which lias the hinder claw as in 

 Anthus trivial/s, the beak stont, as in A. pratensis, but shorter; 

 in shape it is like that of A. trivialis, but is considerably 

 smaller. 



"Anthus trivialis is distinguishable from A. pratensis not 

 only by the hind claw^ but in having a stouter bill, though 

 about equal in length. The true Meadow-Pipit is only seen 

 in Turkestan on passage, and is scarce ; but the two forms 

 A. intermedius and A. microrhynchus are those which breed 

 commonly in the mountains, on grassy places, where a few 

 bushes are scattered about, at from 5000 to 9000 feet alti- 

 tude. Typical A. trivialis also breeds at similar altitudes, or 

 even higher, say from 7000 to 9000 feet, but is rare. The 

 form known as Anthus agilis, Sykes, was also found in 1874 

 in the mountains east of Kuldja.'^ 



I cannot help surmising that, amongst the so-called inter- 

 mediate forms between the Meadow- and Tree-Pipits, Dr. 

 Severtzotf must have obtained the species which breeds in the 

 Petchora district, in North Russia, and which 1 have lately 

 described in the ' Birds of Europe ' under the name oi Anthus 

 seebohmi ; for this bird has the long hind claw of Anthus pra- 

 tensis, and the wing-formula and general coloration of the 

 upper parts are as in A. trivialis ; but one good characteristic 

 is that it always has the outer rectriees marked with smoke- 

 grey, and not with white. 



203. Anthus cervinus. Pall. 



Anthus cervinus, var. rvfogularis, Severtzoff, pp. G7, 140. 

 Horizontal range. Rare on passage in district III. 

 Vertical range. Rare on passage in district 2. 



204. Anthus spinoletta, L. 

 Anthus aquaticus, Severtzoff, p. 67. 



Horizontal range. Breeds and occurs in winter in all four 

 districts ; but it is somewhat uncertain as to whether it really 

 breeds in the last. 



Vertical range. Rare in winter in district 1, and common 

 at the same season in district 2; breeds in district 4. 



