Sever tzoff's 'Fauna of Turkestan.' 183 



with only on passage ; for it breeds further north and east in 

 the naked steppes. He met with it on the Lower Emba 

 and Irgisa^ in Caracuma, on the northern and western eoasts 

 of Lake Aral, on the Ust-Urta, and further south on the 

 eastern shores of the Caspian. When the young are fledged 

 it leads a roving life, but does not range westward as far as 

 the Ural ; and in a MS. footnote he adds that in 1874 he found 

 it breeding sporadically in open places iu the saxaul-region 

 , between the Oxus and the Jaxartes. 



212. Melanocorypha calandra (L.) ; Severtzofi', pp. 67, 

 143. 



Horizontal range. Ereeds in districts I., II., III., and IV., 

 commonly in all but the last, and occurs rarely in the winter. 



Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 2, rarely in 1, and 

 commonly in 2. 



213. Melanocorypha bimaculata (Menetr.) ; SevertzolF, 

 pp. 67, 143. 



Horizontal range. Similar to that of the preceding species. 



Vertical range. Breeds commonly in district 2. 



Severtzoff" also includes, at page 67, under the name of M. 

 bimaculata, (3. minor, without description, a subspecies, the 

 range of which is similar to that of M. bimaculata. 



214. Melanocorypha siberica, Gm. 

 Melanocorypha leucoptera, Severtzoff, p. 67. 

 Horizontal range. Occurs on passage and in winter in dis- 

 tricts I., II., and III. 



Vertical range. Occurs on passage and iu winter in dis- 

 tricts 1 and 2. 



215. Melanocorypha yeltonensis, Forst. 

 Melanocorypha tartarica, Severtzoff, p. 67. 

 Horizontal range. Breeds in districts I., II., and III. 

 Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 2, commonly in 



the former. 



216. ? Lanius excubitor, Severtzoff, p. 67. 

 Horizontal range. Occurs on passage and in winter in dis- 

 tricts I., II., and III. 



