Bii'ds of Astrakhan. 229 



Anas clypeata. 



The Shoveller is also common on migration, but migrates 

 north to breed. 



Anas marmorata. 



The Marbled Duck is a late summer visitor, and breeds in 

 hollow trees and in old Crows^ nests. 



Anas clangula. 



The Golden-eye breeds near Astrakhan, but is not common. 



Harelda glacialis. 



The Long-tailed Duck is an occasional straggler during 

 winter. 



CEdemia nigra. 



Henke never met with the Black Scoter, but near Sarepta 

 it is occasionally seen during migration. 



CEdemia fusca. 



The only example of the Velvet Scoter which came under 

 Henke's notice was a dead bird which was found on the salt 

 lake of Baskundschak, on the Kirghiz steppes. 



Erismatura mersa. 



The White-headed Duck breeds in the steppes in con- 

 siderable numbers. 



FULIGULA RUFINA. 



The Red-crested Pochard is not very common. 



FULIGITLA FERINA. 



The Pochard is exceedingly common on the Kirghiz steppes 

 in summer. 



FULIGULA LEUCOPHTHALMA. 



The White-eyed Duck is a not very common summer visitor. 



FULIGULA CRISTATA. 



The Tufted Duck breeds in the Kirghiz steppes, but is not 

 very common. 



Mergus merganser. 



The Goosander is common in winter and in autumn, but in 

 spring it is rarely seen, and in summer not at all. 



