Mr. R. Swinhoe on Formosan Ornithology. 201 



islands from the Dutch, who had previously expelled the Tartar 

 governor and established themselves in a fort, which still remains. 

 Leaving 100 vessels of his fleet to guard these new possessions, 

 he continued his voyage with the remainder. He arrived off 

 Fort Zelandia. which was defended by only eleven Hollanders, 

 assisted by numerous Javan troops and aborigines. There 

 were also four Dutch vessels anchored off the fort. Koksinga's 

 fleet mustered 900 sail; but the Dutch defended themselves so 

 gallantly with their guns, of which the Chinese had none, that 

 the latter could make no impression. Koksinga at last hit upon 

 a plan which succeeded. He set fire to some of his junks, and 

 set them adrift among the Dutch vessels, thereby burning them. 

 He then demanded the surrender of the fortress, and permitted 

 the Dutch to sail away in the remaining vessel. Such is the 

 Chinese account of the expulsion of the Dutch from Formosa; 

 but the old Dutch records represent the event as attended with 

 considerable butchery and cruelty. The conqueror sent some 

 of his fleet up the coast to garrison the fortresses at Tamsuy 

 and Kelung, and established his court at Fort Zelandia. He 

 did not, however, live long to enjoy his newly-acquired territory, 

 for death snatched him away after a reign of one year and nine 

 months. Upon this the island fell to his son, who, in the 

 twelfth year of Kanghe (a.d. 1673), crossed over with a fleet to the 

 assistance of the King of Fokien against the Tartars, but, on the 

 Fokien King claiming to himself a higher rank, took offence and 

 declared war against him. He defeated the King of Fokien, 

 who abandoned his territories to the Tartars ; and he then re- 

 turned to Formosa, where he soon after died. He was succeeded 

 by his son, a boy of tender years, under the regency of two 

 ministers, his particular friends. The Tartars abolished the 

 kingship at Fokien, and appointed a viceroy, in the 21st year of 

 Kanghe (a.d. 1682). The first viceroy, Yao, offered an amnesty 

 to the Formosan colonists if they would shave their heads, in 

 submission to the Tartar rule ; and their young monarch was 

 requested to visit the Emperor at Peking (the court of the 

 Mantchoos, the Emperors of the previous Ming dynasty having 

 held theirs at Nanking). The young king, on the advice of his 

 regents, acceded to the request, and, on his arrival at court, 



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