204 Mr. R. Swinhoe on Formosan Ornithology. 



villages of what the Chinese called "cooked" or civilized 

 savages, who were living in harmony with the colonists, and 

 turning their attention to agriculture. The numerals of their 

 language were identical with those of the Kalees of the south ; 

 but they had canoes and two Spanish words, the one for " horse " 

 and the other for " buffalo,^' which would appear to show that they 

 must have had some connexion with the old Spanish settlement 

 at Kelung. At present they are dwellers on plains, and entirely 

 isolated, by nearly a hundred miles of mountains, from the 

 region of the Kalees. Their langiiage otherwise does not agree 

 in the majority of words. There is yet another race that I met 

 when at the city of Taiwanfoo, who had shaved their heads, 

 had intermarried with the Chinese, and had become almost 

 identical with them. These people are called Pepos; they speak 

 quite a distinct language, and declare themselves descendants 

 from the soldiery brought to the island by the Dutch. I may add 

 that, from a vocabulary of a so-called " Favorlang " language of 

 Formosa, translated from the old Dutch by Dr. Medhurst, there 

 must have existed another race of Malays which I did not fall 

 in with; and this, as well as other Dutch accounts, induces me 

 to believe that there were formerly several other distinct races of 

 Malays in the island, of whom probably small remnants still 

 exist in the vast range of mountains between those of the 

 Kweiyings in the north and the Kalees in the south, thougli 

 doubtless, what with the encroachments of the Chinese colonists 

 on the one hand, and the constant internecine war carried on 

 by the various cramped feudatories, some of the tribes may ere 

 this have ceased to exist. 



The Chinese reckon their territorial acquisitions in Formosa 

 politically as a foo or district of the province of Fokien, and 

 depute thither for its civil government a Taoutai or Prefect, 

 with extraordinary powers. He is virtually responsible to the 

 Viceroy at Foochow, but has permission, on all important sub- 

 jects, to memorialize the throne direct. The district of Taiwan 

 is divided into four Mens, or counties, and five tings, or marine 

 magistracies. They are, the Fungshan Hien, comprising all the 

 Chinese territory south of the capital cit)^. Apes' Hill included ; 

 Taiwan Hien, comprising the capital and surrounding country ; 



