Severtzoff's 'Fauna of Turkestan.^ 101 



my proposed work on the ornithology of European and Asiatic 

 Russia/' 



11. Aquila nipalensis^ Hodgs. ; Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 33. 

 Aquila bifasciata, Gr. (ad. A. orientalis, Cab.); Severtzoff, 



p. 63. 



Horizontal range. Breeds in district \., is to some extent 

 a partial migrant and to some a breeding species in districts 

 II. and III., and occurs only during migration in district IV. 



Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 3, and is found 

 on passage only in district 2. 



12. Aquila clanga, Pall.; Severtzoff, p. 63. 

 Horizontal range. Breeds in districts I., II., and III. 

 Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1 and 3, and is a strag- 

 gler in district 2. 



13. Aquila pennata, Gm.; Severtzoff, p. 63. 



14. Aquila minuta, Br. ; Severtzoff, p. 63. 

 /8. Aquila albipectus, Severtzoff, p. 63. 



Severtzoff divides A. pennata, as above, into three species — 

 a view in which I cannot agree ; for, as stated by me in pt. 32, 

 ' Birds of Europe,' I have, after careful investigation, come to 

 the conclusion that there is but the one species in Europe and 

 Asia, and the light and dark specimens are but individual 

 varieties of the same species. Severtzoff gives the range of 

 all three so-called species above referred to as follows : — 



" Horizontal range. Breeds in districts I., II., and III. 



" Vertical range. Breeds in districts 2 and 3, and is an oc- 

 casional straggler in district 4." 



He further writes (p. 112) as foUows : — 



" There are in Turkestan three distinct forms of this little 

 Eagle, two of which at least constitute good species : viz., 



" A. In Aquila pennata the differences in the various stages 

 of plumage are very noticeable, as the young bird is brown, 

 whereas the adult bird has the underparts white. 



" B. In these forms the differences in the old and young 

 birds are very trifling. 



'' a. In A. albipectus the underparts are white in all stages 

 of plumage. 



