Severtzoff's 'Fauna of Turkestan.' 243 



75. Carduelis orientalis (Eversm.) ; Severtzoff, pp. 61, 

 116. 



Horizontal range. Breeds and is fouiid dm*ing winter in 

 districts I., II., III., and IV. 



Vertical range. Occurs during winter in district 2, and 

 breeds in districts 3 and 4. 



Respecting this species Severtzoff writes (p. 116) as fol- 

 lows : — " This bird is not merely a climatic variety of the 

 European Goldfinch, from which it differs in lacking the black 

 markings on the head, the yellowish brown on the back 

 and on the breast being replaced by grey. Both species in- 

 habit the same localities in the Thian-shan moiuitains ; and 

 the distinctive characters were constant in all of the hundreds 

 of specimens I exammed. The differences between Passer 

 salicarius. and Passer domesticus are also constant, although 

 these two Sparrows frequently inhabit the same localities, and 

 are found in the same flock ; and they hold good not only in 

 the autumn dress, but also in the full breeding-plumage." 



76. Carduelis elegans, Steph. 

 Carduelis europaus, Severtzoff, p. 64. 



Horizontal range. Is found during winter, and possibly 

 during the breeding-season, in districts I., IL, and III. 



Vertical range. Occurs during winter in districts 2 and 3, 

 and possibly breeds in districts 3 and 4. 



77. Serinus pusillus (Pall.). 



Oragithus pusillus, Pall. [0. ignifrons, Eversm.); Severt- 

 zoff, pp. 64, 116. 



Horizontal range. Resident in districts I., II., III., and IV. 



Vertical range. Resident in district 3 ; breeds in district 4. 



Severtzoff vrrites (p. 116) as follows : — "Eversmann^s Pyr- 

 rhula {Serinus) ignifrons (afterwards united w^ith P. pusillus, 

 Pallas, in the Nat. Hist, of the Orenb. District, iii. p. 309) 

 was described from a Semirechik specimen ; and the Turkestan 

 bird certainly differs from Pallas^s description of the Cau- 

 casian form Having carefully examined many speci- 

 mens, I find that, though the young differ from the adult, 

 yet they do not agree with Pallas's description." 



