Severtzoff's 'Fauna of Turkestan.' 339 



under the generic title of Luscinia, dividing them merely into 

 four subspecies, though into two "divisions or groups, viz. : — 



'' A. Breast uniform in colour. 



"1. Luscinia occidentalis {Motacilla luscinia,Va]l.) . Crown, 

 nape, back, and cheeks brownish grey ; upper tail-coverts 

 nearly light brown ; wings similarly coloured to the back ; 

 tail rust-colour ; under tail-coverts and flanks greyish brown ; 

 throat and sides of the neck grey, underparts white; bill 

 greyish brown, with the sides of the mandibles and the base 

 of the lower mandible yellow ; legs dirty reddish ; iris light 

 brown. First primary rather shorter than the primary- 

 coverts, the second equals the fourth, the thu'd being the 

 longest. Total length rather less than 7 inches. Specimens 

 from the Lower Volga and Ural, and Southern Russia gene- 

 rally, as also in some parts of Turkestan, have the wings 

 and tail darker, the abdomen greyish, the throat white ; and 

 the arrangement of the quills is as follows — 3^4>2>5. 



" 2. Luscinia hafizi, nob. Crown, nape, back, and cheeks 

 light brownish grey, tinged with olive ; quills blackish brown, 

 with ashy-grey edges ; larger wing-coverts grey, except at 

 the base, where they are blackish ; above the eye light grey ; 

 rump and tail rusty brown ; underparts dirty white ; breast 

 tinged with yellowish ; bill violet-black ; legs brown, with a 

 reddish tinge ; first primary equal in length to the primary- 

 coverts, 3>4>5, the fifth equals the second; but in some 

 instances the second is about ^"' shorter than the fifth, but 

 is always longer than the sixth ; the lateral rectrices are V' 

 shorter than the central ones. This Nightingale is much 

 larger than the western bird; for it measures as follows — 

 total length 7" 5'" to 7" &", extent 10" 7'", wing 3" 6i'", tail 

 3" 1|'", the tail being covered to over half its length by the 

 tail-coverts, culmen 5'", tarsus 11'". Some specimens closely 

 resemble examples of L. luscinia from the Volga and the Ural, 

 the wing formula being 3>4>2>5, and the margins of the 

 feathers are not grey, but light olive-brown ; the breast is 

 sometimes yellowish and sometimes greyish. Therefore it 

 appears to me that the bird described by Eversmann as L. 



2 B 2 



