3J0 Mr. H. E. Dresser's Notes on 



luscinia, and referred to by me as a western form of L. occi- 

 dentalis, should by right be placed with L. hafizi. 



'' L. philomela, Pall., differs from the above species only in 

 being greyer; the upper parts are greyish brown, the tail 

 light greyish brown, the under wing-coverts greyish white, 

 and the breast light grey. Pallas met with it in the Southern 

 Ural, and its western branches near Ufa, and in Turkestan 

 on the Chatkal and Chirchik, at an altitude of from 6000 to 

 8000 feet. At a lower altitude in the Chirchik mountains 

 specimens arc found which are intermediate with L. hafizi; 

 so that L. philomela, Pall., is a northern, and not a southern 

 mountain-form of L. hafizi. Pallas mentions a Avestern form 

 of his L. philomela, which is probably L. hybrida, Brehm 

 (Vogelf. p. 145), which has the upper parts as in L. aedon 

 (Pall.), and the underparts as in L. luscinia. 



"B. Underparts varied and not uniform in colour. 



"3. Luscinia aedon (Pall.) {L. philomela, Bechst.). Entire 

 upper surface of the body, from the forehead to the rump, and 

 the upper surface of the wings uniform olive-brown, the quills 

 only having lighter edges, and shaded with yellowish; tail 

 olive-brown, with a reddish tinge ; cheeks, breast, and flanks 

 grey, or olive-grey, with dark lines on and light edges to 

 the feathers, which gives the underparts a pied or varied ap- 

 pearance ; throat white, with olive-grey spots ; abdomen and 

 under tail-coverts pure white ; first primary short, the second 

 shorter than the primary-coverts, the third the longest ; the 

 upper tail-coverts cover three fifths, and the lower three 

 fourths of the tail. Total length 7" 5"'-7" 8'", extent 10" 6"'- 

 11" 1'", wing 3" 6"'-3" 7'", tail 2" 8'", tarsus 11'", middle toe 

 7'", culmen 4|"'. 



"4. Luscinia infuscata, nob., differs from L. cedon in being 

 darker ; the margins of the wing-feathers are browner ; the 

 tail is dark rust-colour, without any shade of olive ; and the 

 underparts are more clearly marked ; the tail is covered by 

 the upper tail-coverts to half of its length, and by the under 

 tail-coverts to three fourths ; the first primary is short, the 

 second less than the primary coverts, 3>2>4. In size it is 



