164 Bird- Lore 



BIRDS OF THE SEASON 



For permanent residents, see Bird-Lore for Dec, 1900, p. 183. 



Departures of Summer Residents in October and No-vember. — October 10, Maryland 

 Yellow-throat, Pine Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, Indigo bird, House Wren; 

 October 15, Carolina Rail, Virginia Rail; October 20, Chewink, Brown Thrasher, Cat- 

 bird, Vesper Sparrow, Phoebe, Meadow Lark; October 31, Bluebird; November 5, Chip- 

 ping Sparrow, Field Sparrow, Savanna Sparrow, Cowbird, Bronzed Cjrackle; November 

 10, Cedarbird ; November 15, Song Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow; November 20, Sharfi- 

 shinned Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, Marsh Hawk, Kingfisher. 



Arrivals and Departures of Migrants in October and November. — October 1-20, 

 White-crowned Sparrow; October i-November 5, Hermit Thrush; October 21-December 

 I, Fox Sparrow; October 21, Tree Sparrow, Northern Shrike; October-November, Pine 

 Finch, Ipswich Sparrow; November, Snow Bunting, Red Crossbills, White-winged 

 Crossbill,* Pine Grosbeak,* Redpoll Linnet.* 



* Very irregular and conimnnly absent. 



OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER BIRD-LIFE NEAR NEW YORK CITY 



Bv Frank M. Chapman 



October is a month of falling leaves and departing birds. Some time 

 during the month the first ''hard" frost may be expected, and doubtless 

 during the entire year no other one event exercises so marked an influence 

 on the character of our bird-life. In a night, as it were, the season 

 passes from ripe maturity to old age, and the limp, sodden foliage of the 

 less hardy plants is no less evident to the flower lover than is the absence 

 of previously abundant birds to the ornithologist. The reason is obvious. 

 The low temperature has not only robbed most insectivorous birds of 

 their food but has deprived the arboreal species of the protection of leaf- 

 hung branches. 



This marks the end of the Warbler migration, and for the rest of 

 the season Sparrows will be the common birds, frequenting weed and 

 stubble fields. The length of their stay is largely dependent on the char- 

 acter of the weather, many species, as we have seen, lingering, under 

 favorable conditions, until December. 



October shows a further development of the second song period. 

 Song, White-throated and Fox Sparrows, Phoebes, and Ruby-crowned 

 Kinglets may always be heard singing fairly full -voiced performances 

 during the month. 



One may now also look for the diurnal migrations of Hawks and 

 Crows, which, here, fly from northeast to southwest, and, a little later, 

 the gathering of Grackles in enormous flocks, is characteristic of the 

 season. 



BIRDS OF THE SEASON 



For permanent residents, see Bird-Lore for Dec, 1900, p. 184. 



Summer Residents Leaving for the South. — October i-io, Black-crowned Night 



